【作者】 过江鸿；

【导师】 赵宏中；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 产业经济学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放30余年,农村在工业化、城市化进程的推动下已步入发展的快车道,历经沧桑巨变面貌焕然一新。与城镇快速发展相比,贫困地区农村社会发展相当滞后,城乡差距、乡乡差距、居民收入差距数据鸿沟进一步拉大。伴随我国经济转型,一方面城镇化对农村物质资源到人力资源近乎掠夺性扩张,农村衰退产生的社会问题日益凸显；另一方面农村人力资本投资呈现急功近利单向流出的特点,以至于守土精英匮乏和精英延续问题突出,极大地限制了本土经济、文化、政治的发展,造成本土发展原动力不足,资源闲置,而且这种状况还呈现愈演愈烈的态势。1982-1986年以“放权让利”为改革特征连续五个中央一号文件以及2004-2010年以“多予少取放活”为改革特征连续七个中央一号文件的发布实施,极大地促进了贫困地区农村的改革发展。如何实现贫困地区农村社会健康、快速、可持续发展一直是我国全面建设小康社会、实现现代化目标中的关键与难点所在。“十二五”把保障和改善民生作为加快转变经济发展方式的根本出发点和落脚点,将促进就业放在经济社会发展优先位置,是国家基于促进就业的现实意义和长远的战略意义的思量。贫困地区留守新生代不仅是农村经济发展的生力军也是中坚力量,是承接并传承农村文化的使者,是农村基层政治的拥护者与执行者。如何使这一贫困地区农村优势群体在反贫困持久战中发挥最大效能,其中关键的一环便是优化其就业环境与就业结构,提升潜在就业率。留守新生代农民有效就业不仅能合理配置劳动这一稀缺资源支撑农村经济快速发展,也能优化农业产业结构,推进新农村建设,缓解城镇就业压力。因此,本研究对于我国和谐社会构建、逐渐消除城乡二元经济结构、实现充分就业等国家战略目标与任务均具有较强的实践意义,同时对于扩大就业、解决区域反贫困问题具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。本研究共分八章,主要内容如下：第1章为绪论。本章主是对本文的研究背景及意义、研究框架与研究方法以及预期的创新点进行阐述,统领全文。第2章,国内外相关研究述评。本章主要对国内外涉及农村新生代农民的研究现状进行系统全面的梳理,并对国内外研究的内容与方向进行比较,找出研究的共性与不同之处,在本章小结中,点出本研究的理论意义与创新之处。第3章,留守新生代农民就业理论基础概述。陈述与本研究的相关理论,为全文论证提供基本的理论依据,同时为下一章理论创新提供研究范式。第4章,留守新生代农民就业理论研究。首先对就业理论进行了较为详尽的论证,其次对留守新生代农民的内涵及特征进行界定,最后对留守新生代农民就业理论进行创新性的研究,为剖析留守新生代农民就业问题以及相应的对策研究提供依据,本章也是本文理论创新的重要方面,属于全文核心内容之一。第5章,贫困地区留守新生代农民就业存在的问题及影响因素分析。对贫困地区留守新生代农民就业的内外部环境从多个维度进行阐述,通过统计数据与调研情况摸清留守新生代农民就业结构分布、就业收入分布、就业地域范围分布情况,对影响留守新生代农民就业的三大因素一般分析,并对三大因素作用于新生代农民留守就业的机理进行了深入阐述,从实证角度对影响留守新生代农民就业的因素进行验证,并在此总结贫困地区留守新生代农民就业问题的主要方面。本章是全文的又一核心内容,也是本研究的难点。第6章,留守新生代农民就业问题解决的框架分析。本章旨在为本文点明解决留守新生代农民就业问题的现实框架与背景。首先,通过对湖北省贫困地区的黄冈市、恩施自治州、十堰市、宜昌市共四个地级市的48个自然村的220户农户进行了入户调查,获取基本的数据与实证材料,其次从人力资本投资效果分析、农民收入来源测查、农民住房改造测查、农民收入流向、农民守土发展诉求调查、贫困地区农村发展内外部环境等方面探明湖北省贫困地区农村发展模式,最后给出贫困地区农村发展模式选择需注意的基本原则与指导思想。第7章,优化留守新生代农民就业的对策建议。针对上一章实证研究的结论与定性分析的结果,从多个角度、多学科视野给出相应的对策建议。本章亦是核心章节,相关对策建议具有一定创新性与可行性。第8章为结语。对全文进行总结,就研究存在的不足进行说明,并对本研究涉及的相关方面进行了研究展望与设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 More than 30 years of reform and opening up,with industrialization and urbanization process,rural areas has already entered the push of development of the fast lane, through vicissitudes in appearance to look brand-new. With the rapid development of urban poor rural areas, compared to social development lags behind, the gap between city and rural areas, the gap between rural areas and rural areas,the income gap of residents data gap widening further. Along with our country economy transformation of rural urbanization, on the one hand, material resources to human resources almost predatory expansion, the social problem of rural recession increasingly prominent; On the other hand,the rural human capital investment presents the characteristics of quick one-way flow, so that elite deficient and elite continue problems, which has greatly restricted the local economic,cultural and political development, the development of the local community impulsion is insufficient,and this situation become more serious.1982 to1986 years in order to "empowerment" for reform for five consecutive features a central number one file and 2004 to 2010 years" giving more to taking less "for the reform of agriculture-related characteristics for seven central a number of documents greatly promote the reform and development of the poor rural areas. How to realize the poor rural areas social health, rapid and sustainable development has been the key and difficult point of all-round construction of the well-off society and realize the modernization."Second five-year plan" guarantee and improve the people’s livelihood as to speed up the transformation of the mode of economic development essential starting point and the foothold, will promote the employment in economic and social development, is the national priority position based on promoting the employment of the practical significance and strategic significance of thinking. The new generation is not only stay poor areas of rural economic development but also the main force of the nucleus, is the inheritance and rural culture, is the angel of rural grassroots political advocates and performer. How to make the poor rural areas have advantages in the protracted war against poverty in group play most efficiency, which is a critical part of the optimization of its obtain employment environment, promote potential employment. The new generation farmer effective employment staying can not only rational configuration of the scarce resources to support the work of rural economic development, also can optimize the agricultural industrial structure and promoting the construction of new countryside, alleviate the urban employment pressure. Therefore, this research for the harmonious society, and gradually eliminate dual economic structure, to realize full employment and other strategic objectives and tasks has strong practical significance, and has important practical significance for solving poverty problems.This study has eight chapters and the main contents are as follows:Chapter 1 for an introduction. This chapter explains the background and significance of this study and the frame and research method and expected innovation points,it is the groundwork for below.Chapter 2, the domestic and foreign relevant research paper. This chapter explains the domestic and international rural farmers involved the new generation of the present research situation and the research content and direction comparison to find out the common and different, in summary section, point out the theoretical meaning and innovative points.Chapter 3, left-behind new generation farmer theoretical basis overview. Employment Statement of this study and related theory, provide the basic argument for the full text of the theory basis, and at the same time provide theoretical innovation research paradigm for the next chapter.Chapter 4, new generation farmer employment theory research. First on employment theory, and then to a more detailed argument to stress the connotation and characteristic of new generation farmer, finally to stress the new generation farmer employment theory of research, to analyze innovative new employment problem and farmers corresponding countermeasures to provide evidence. This chapter is also the important aspect of this theory innovation, belong to the core content of the full text.Chapter 5, poor region left-behind new generation farmer factors restricting employment analysis. Staying in the poor area of the employment of internal and external environment, touch left-behind new generation farmer employment structure distribution, employment income distribution, geographical distribution of employment, the impact of the new generation of staying rural employment three major factors, and a general analysis of the three factors in new generation farmer left-behind employment mechanism from different perspectives, influence factors of new generation farmer staying employment verification, and summarized the main aspects of the poor areas in the new generation farmer employment problems. This chapter is the full text of the core content, and a difficult part of this study.Chapter 6, left-behind new generation farmer employment macro environment analysis. This chapter for this paper point out to solve the new generation in the employment of staying farmers outside the framework and background. First, the poor areas in Huang Gang province, En Shi province, Shi Yan and Yi Chang of total four cities of 48 natural villages of the 220 peasants for the household survey, access to basic data and empirical material, second from the human capital investment effect analysis, the farmers’ income source, farmers housing reconstruction, farmer mainly to return to, the farmer income development survey, appeal poor rural areas the internal and external development environment of the poor rural areas of Hu Bei province development model, and finally gives poor rural areas need to pay attention to the choice of development pattern, the basic principles and guidelines.Chapter 7, the new generation of rural employment staying optimization countermeasures and suggestions. According to the conclusion and empirical research in the previous chapter, from diffrernt interdisciplinary view angle, and gives corresponding countermeasures. This chapter is also the core section, the relevant countermeasures has some innovative and feasibility.Chapter 8,summery. It is the summery of the whole study,explain the shortcomings of the study, and take research prospects and the ideas of the related aspects of the research.更多还原