【作者】 王强；

【导师】 陈圻；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放30年来,我国制造业凭借低成本劳动力比较优势,取得了举世瞩目的成就。但从2003年开始,我国产业环境发生了重大变化,各类成本不断上升,我国制造业赖以生存的成本比较优势逐渐削弱,原有的粗犷型经济发展模式受到考验。在新形势下,如何提高产品的市场竞争优势,是摆在中国企业面前的一项重大而紧迫的课题。本文以博弈论为主要理论基础,利用系统动力学理论和现代科学计算软件等工具,系统分析了低成本企业在各种假设前提下的市场竞争行为,并就我国低成本企业如何应对成本上升,持续提升产品竞争优势问题进行了探索性研究。首先,成本信息不完全下的差异产品Cournot竞争问题研究。在成本信息不完全条件下,基于企业异质假设,分别分析低成本企业进行静态和动态Cournot竞争时的市场行为。研究发现,影响低成本企业市场绩效(均衡产量和均衡利润)关键因素为成本函数概率值,产品间的替代性以及不完全信息低成本识别因子;低成本企业以低价进行竞争;动态Cournot竞争时的均衡产量与静态Cournot竞争时的贝叶斯Nash均衡完全相同。其次,双寡头企业动态Bertrand竞争问题研究。利用分支理论分析了动态价格调整系统均衡点的稳定性;仿真实验表明,低成本企业过快的价格调整速度导致系统出现倍周期分叉、混沌现象;混沌状态中的企业利润较低且不稳定;运用延迟反馈控制法将市场的混乱状态变为竞争有序。再次,技术溢出时的低成本企业定价问题研究。首先,在溢出内生条件下,分析了寡头企业定位定价多阶段博弈问题;然后,研究了溢出外生时的低成本企业定价问题。研究表明,溢出内生时,由于受两种方向相反的作用力的影响,寡头企业的最优产品差异化水平符合“适度差异化”原则;当溢出外在给定时,低成本企业通过较高的技术创新投入增强成本优势,利用低价策略获得较高的市场份额。第四,通过定义低成本识别因子、强替代性判别因子以及竞争优势判别因子等函数,在成本及产品间的替代性均不同的前提下,对Cournot与Bertrand两种竞争方式的差异问题进行了比较研究。结果表明,无论哪一种竞争方式,低成本企业的产品市场价格一定较低;低成本企业Cournot竞争时的均衡产量低于Bertrand竞争时的均衡产量。最后,中国低成本制造业提升自身产品竞争优势的战略选择研究。通过定义动态产品竞争优势函数,分析实施不同竞争战略企业提升自身产品竞争优势的可行途径;根据函数表达式,从企业层面提炼出提升中国低成本企业产品竞争优势的三种战略选择:产品实用功能创新型低成本战略、占据高端市场创新型低成本战略以及渐近累积创新型低成本战略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 30 years of reforming and opening up to the world, by right of its low cost labor comparative advantage, Chinese manufacturing industry has gained a great deal achievements. However, Chinese industry environment has changed greatly since 2003. The cost comparative advantage is the condition on which Chinese manufacturing industry can develop. The increasing of all kinds of costs leads to the original rough economic development model of China to the rest. Under new circumstances, the important and pressing task faced by Chinese enterprises is how to improve their product market competitive advantage.The dissertation systematically analyzes the market competitive behaviors of low cost enterprises under various hypotheses based on game theory, dynamics theory and modern scientific computing software, and studies Chinese low cost enterprises how to cope with high cost and continue to improve their product competitive advantages.Firstly, the problem of Cournot competition with differentiated goods under incomplete cost information is investigated. Based on enterprise heterogeneous assumptions, both the static and dynamic market competitive behaviors of low cost enterprises are respectively studied. The results show that the key influencing factors of low cost enterprises’performances (equilibrium quantities and equilibrium profits) are the probability of cost function, substitution between products and incomplete information discrimination factor of low cost. The low cost enterprise competes in market by using low price. The equilibrium quantities of dynamic Cournot competition are same to the Bayesian Nash equilibriua results of static Cournot competition.Secondly, the dynamic Bertrand competition of duopoly is studied. The stabilities of dynamic price adjustment system equilibrium points are analyzed by using of bifurcations theory. The simulation results show that the period doubling bifurcation and chaotic phnomena may occur when the bounded rational player accelerates the adjustment speed of its product price. Enterprises’profits are low and unstable in chaotic state. The price chaotic behavior of dynamical system was stabilized on the Nash equilibrium point, by the use of the delayed feedback control method.Thirdly, the pricing problem of low cost enterprise with technology spillover is considered. Firstly, the positioning-pricing of oligopolist is analyzed by using a multi-stage game under the condition of endogenous spillovers. Then, the pricing problem of low-cost enterprise is investigated when spillovers are exogenous. The results of analysis show that, when spillovers are endogenous, the optimal level of differentiation meets the principle of“moderate difference”because of two completely opposite forces. The low cost enterprise expands its cost advantage with higher technology innovation investment, and obtains higher market share by using low-pricing strategy.Fourthly, the differences between Cournot and Bertrand competition are compared under the conditions of asymmetric product costs and asymmetric substitutability by defining low cost discrimination factor function, strong substitute discrimination factor function and competitive advantage discrimination factor function. The result show that the price of low cost enterprise is lower than that of high cost enterprise regardless of which type of competition way. Cournot competition results a lower equilibrium quantity than Bertrand competition for low cost enterprises.At last, the strategic choices of improving product market competitive advantage for Chinese manufacturing industry are investigated. The feasible approaches to improve competitive advantage of different strategic direction are studied by defining dynamic product competitive advantage function. According to the function expression, three types of strategies are summarized for Chinese low cost manufacturing industry from the lay of enterprise: product practical function innovative low cost strategy, occupying high-end market innovative low cost strategy and asymptotic accumulation innovative low cost strategy.更多还原