【作者】 吴键；

【导师】 袁慎芳；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 具有快速部署、自组织成网和分布式协同工作能力的无线传感网络技术能够有效解决现有结构健康监测和结构强度试验测试系统的固有缺陷,满足其多点、高效、高性能的监测需求。国内外无线传感网络技术在结构监测方面的研究已取得较多的研究成果,但多是面向土木工程结构的应用研究,针对航空结构及其监测应用场合的应用研究还处于探索和起步阶段,要实现无线传感网络在结构监测领域的真正实用化,还存在如下许多问题:没有能够满足结构监测应用的专有无线传感网络平台;大型工程结构监测应用往往需要多参数测试、大面积监测,研究和实现有效的无线传感网络架构、分布式协同管理方法和网络同步机制,是该技术实用化进程中必须解决的关键问题。本文针对大型结构监测,特别是航空结构,研究了智能无线传感网络应用系统的关键技术和实现方法。主要研究工作包括以下几方面:1、针对高精度、大量程和集成化等应用需求,采用模块化设计方法,设计实现了可直接配接电阻应变元件的无线应变传感网络节点,并测试了其功耗、距离和抗干扰等性能。2、针对主动结构健康监测的应用需求,设计了高速无线压电传感网络节点,包括结构主动激励、高速压电信号采集、处理和无线网络通信等功能模块,测试了其用于主动结构激励、高速数据采集与通信等功能,并实验验证该节点用于主动损伤监测的有效性。3、设计了用于结构监测应用的无线传感网络架构;采用网络演算理论,建立了面向结构监测的星簇型无线传感网络架构分析模型,并结合IEEE802.15.4标准,验证了该模型用于分析网络延时和设计带宽等网络性能指标的有效性;设计了集成微控制模块、无线收发模块和USB2.0/UART转换模块的无线基站节点,并测试对比了其通信性能。4、提出了星簇型无线传感网络时钟同步方法,仿真验证了该同步方法的可行性;提出了一种基于遗传算法的网络多任务优化分配策略;提出了一种基于多主体协作的无线传感网络管理方法,并结合主、被动结构健康监测实例进行了实验验证。5、设计实现了等时间间隔的同步数据采集方法,并进行了试验验证;针对结构监测应用,开发了无线传感网络监控管理软件。6、以碳纤维复合材料盒段、航空铝板加筋结构和某型飞机前起落架为对象,对用于主、被动结构健康监测和结构强度试验监测的智能无线传感网络,进行了应用验证研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 With rapid deployment, self-organized into networks and distributed collaborative information processing capabilities, wireless sensor network technology can effectively solve the inherent defects of the existing structural health monitoring and structural strength test system and meet their more efficient, high-performance monitoring requirements. Much progress has been made in wireless sensor network research for structural monitoring, but mostly for the civil engineering structures. The aviation structure monitoring application research based wireless sensor network is the initiation of the exploration stage. However, using the technology on large practical structures, many problems must be solved in practice efficiently. There is no dedicated wireless sensor network node and platform for the structural monitoring applications. Since density and different kinds of sensors have to be adopted for the monitoring of large scale engineering structures, there are some key issue including effective wireless sensor network architecture, collaborative network management methods and synchronization networking mechanisms. To large-scale structure monitoring, in this dissertation wireless sensor network application technologies and implementation methods are researched especially for aerospace structures. Main contents as follows:With high precision, large measuring range and integration requirements, the wireless strain sensor node is designed by the modular design method. Resistance strain guages can be directly connected with the wireless strain nodes. Then the power, distance and anti-interference performances of the node are tested respectively.For active structural health monitoring applications, a high-speed wireless piezoelectric sensor network node is designed. The PZT node includes active excitation module, data acquisition and processing, wireless communication and power module. The test results demonstrate that the high-speed wireless PZT sensor node can complete active excitation, sampling and processing of the response signal for the application of active structure monitoring with integrated software and hardware.The wireless sensor network architecture is designed for structural monitoring applications. Using network calculus theory, a star-cluster wireless sensor network architecture-analysis model is made and validated with IEEE802.15.4 communication standards for the fuction in the analysis of network performance metrics such as network delay and bandwidth efficiency.The wireless base station node is designed and includes integrated MCU module, wireless transceiver module and USB2.0/UART conversion module. The communication performance comparison test is completed with the MicaZ node.For the star-cluster based network architecture, a clock synchronization method is proposed. The simulation results show the feasibility of the synchronization method. A multi-task allocation strategy is proposed based on the genetic algorithm optimization. The remainder of this section presents a multi-agent design method and system evaluation for wireless sensor network based structural health monitoring to validate the efficiency of the multi-agent technology.The synchronized data collection method based the equal time intervals is proposed and tested with the designed sensor nodes in TinyOS. For structural monitoring applications, a wireless sensor network monitoring management software is designed.To verify the functionality of the designed wireless sensor network for SHM and strength testing capability, the validation systems are developed on the actual big CFRP wainscot, reinforced aluminum structure and the real aircraft undercarriage.更多还原