【作者】 刘德文；

【导师】 鲁若愚；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 新兴技术管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着互联网的进一步普及和渗透,基于互联网的创新模式、创新流程愈加普遍,这也使得网络创新社区的研究更为重要。作为多主体参与创新的重要模式,网络创新社区为企业的创新提供了重要的创新源。在这样的背景下,研究关于创新社区的问题显得非常必要。虽然使用创新社区进行创新已经成为了很多企业创新的优先选择,但从创新社区中获得有效的创新方案是绝大多数创新的组织者最为关心的问题。一般地,企业会根据实际需要,将不同的等级的项目放到社区中,寻找解决思路或者是解决方案,更有甚者,直接将项目分解为不同的模块以便参与者能够更好的参加进来。由于创新社区的多主体参与特征,而协调是处理多主体之间关系的最重要的手段,因此对围绕创新社区协调机制问题的研究显得尤为重要,对一个创新社区来讲,沟通协调、服务创新能力协调、利益协调以及多主体参与创新的风险是决定其效率的重要方法,因此本文从这几个方面进行了重点研究。本文使用的主要技术手段为超网络理论、社会网络理论、信息博弈、线性规划、委托代理理论等定量方法和案例说明的定性分析方法,其主要研究内容和结论如下:创新的组织者首先面临的问题是,组织者和参与者的沟通以及参与者之间的沟通的问题,由于受到时间的约束,参与者往往无法就一个问题无限期地沟通下去,之前的研究已经表明,创新社区会因为参与者受到各种因素的困扰而慢慢对创新社区的讨论失去兴趣,因此建立合适的沟通协调机制尤为重要。本文的研究得出为了使创新参与者积极参与讨论,必须考虑参与者的参与效用问题,进而建立合适的多种沟通协调机制以保证参与者的主动参与。创新的组织者其次要面临的问题是,对于不同的创新项目,由于组织者和参与者的熟悉程度与掌握程度不同,因此合理的安排创新的主动权,也即进行创新的权力分配就显得非常重要了;更为重要的是,创新的组织者往往会把创新项目分配到不同的创新社区中,在不同的创新项目中的安排和调整,对组织者的利益获取极为重要。创新的组织者还要面临的重要问题是,由于进入者是动态的、不确定的、异质的,能力无法预知,因此合适的激励机制就成为吸引参与者的最重要的管理策略。本文的研究发现创新的整合程度不高,单个服务创新产出容易观测时,组织者首先应评估选择能力较强的参与者,然后采用任务分解方式,明确每个参与者的职责,分别进行激励,实现双方效益的最大化。对于整合度要求比较高的项目,就需要根据联合产出设计出恰当的激励系数,激励更多的成员参与合作。当然本文最后还对组织者面临的多主体参与的风险做了研究和考虑,认为只有合理推动参与者增加产能,才是规避多主体参与创新过程中遇到的各种风险的较好办法。本文还有很多工作需要继续完善,组织者在创新社区中到底愿意拿出那些创新项目来吸引参与者;而这些项目在组织者处的重要程度如何。也就是说,如果创新的组织希望更多地使用创新社区来进行多主体参与的创新,什么样的协调机制和激励机制可以吸引高等级人才完成更高级别的项目,而这些问题的解决将依据项目的保密程度和重要程度来制定项目创新的开放程度和激励机制。本文的研究对企业的创新视野有重要的意义,在互联网络的推动下,必将有更多的企业参与到创新社区中来获得新创新、新方法和不同的解决方案。创新社区也必将改变企业、地区和国家的创新系统,将会对于创新及创新管理产生深远的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the prevailing trend of internet, innovation pattern and process based on the internet also become popular, which makes the researches on internet innovation community become more important. As an important mode of multi-agent innovation, communication innovation system provides an important source of innovation. It is necessary to research innovation communities.It has become choice of priority for a lot of enterprise innovations although using innovative community. The most concern of innovatiove organazizers is obtaining valid innovation from the innovation community. Generally, companies will release projects of different grades to the communities, and seek for clues or solutions. Furthermore, some of the projects will be decomposed to different models so that more people can take part in it. Due to the innovation of the multi-agent community participation, the coordination is the most important method of dealing with relation of multiple agents. Centered on the coordination system of innovation community, this article discussed the communication coordination system, service ability coordination, benefits coordination and the risks of multi-agent innovation. The article resolved the queston by using numerous ways such as supernetwork theory, social network theory, information game, linear programming and the principal-agent theory. As a qualitative analytical method, case illustration decribes related theory.And it proposed the following conclusions:The first problem that innovators will face would be the communication between the organizers and participants, and that among the participants. Constrained by the time limit, participants are unable to discuss on the same topic for long. Previous researches have shown that innovation community participants will lose their interests with various types of disturbing factors. So it’s very important to build a proper communication coordination system. This article proposed that in order to attract the participants to join the discussion, we should consider about the involvement avail, and build a proper communication coordination system.Another problem is the initiative or allocation of powers in the innovation because of the different familiarity between organizers and participants. Even more important, organizers would allocate the innovation projects into different communities, so arrangement and adjustment of these projects become vital important.Another important problem that should be solved is the dynamic, uncertainty and diversity of participants. So a proper incentive mechanism becomes the most important strategy. This article proposed that if the integration level is rather low, and it’s easy to observe the output of service innovation, the organizers should choose the participants with higher abilities. And then organizers should breakdown the task, clarify responsibilities of every participant, and provides independent excitation to ensure the maximization of both sides. And if the integration level is high, organizers should design a proper excitation coefficient according to the total output to attract more participants.Finally, this article discussed the risks of multi-agent innovation, and proposed that only best way to avoid the risks in the innovation process is to push forward the participants to increase the output.There’re many topics to be researched in this future, e.g., which types of innovation projects should be proposed to attract the participants, and how important the organizers consider about these projects. That is to say, if the innovative organizations want to use innovation community to perform multi-agent innovation, which kind of incentive system could be used to attract more talented person. In order to solve these problems, organizers should decide the openness of the projects and build a proper incentive system based on the security and importance of the projectsIt has an important significance for studing on enterprise innovation. With the devolopement of Internet, More enterprises will be driven to participate in innovation community to get new idea, new methods and different solutions. Innovative community will change the enterprise, regional and national innovation system. It will be far-reaching influence for innovation and innovative management.更多还原