【作者】 史小丽；

【导师】 王选仓；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,随着我国公路建设的迅速发展,隧道里程不断增多,但由于隧道路面处于较为封闭的环境中,按照一般路段路面结构设计方法进行隧道路面结构设计不一定适应隧道路面的实际情况,因此公路隧道路面结构型式的选择引起了越来越多的关注。本文通过对公路隧道内温度、交通噪声、照明等环境进行定量分析,并据此对隧道路面结构与材料选择、公路隧道内降噪优化设计等问题进行深入研究,以期为科学地进行公路隧道路面结构与材料选择提供理论依据。本文主要进行了以下几方面的研究工作：(1)采用有限元理论对公路隧道内空气温度进行测算,并对比了长、短公路隧道内空气温度的差异,分析了引起这种差异的因素,突破了传统的对公路隧道内环境仅进行粗略的测量现状。(2)对比分析隧道内外路面温度场的影响因素,认为公路隧道内路面温度场分析中仅需考虑空气对流换热和空气辐射换热2种路表与外界热交换的形式,通过建模对长、短公路隧道内沥青路面温度场的相关指标(包括路面结构温度、变温速率和温度梯度)进行深入分析,将分析结果用于隧道内水泥混凝土路面结构设计,提出长隧道内水泥混凝土板长可增加到8-12m。(3)对公路隧道内的声场特性进行分析,提出一种简便适用的公路隧道内交通噪声预测方法---修正的相干模型,并将其与国际上常用的不相干模型和ASJ模型方法进行对比,分析了声源固定、长空间内均为硬边界和声源移动、长空间内设有吸声材料时的三种理论预测值与实测值,证明了本文提出的预测方法可用于进一步进行公路隧道内降噪优化设计。(4)通过构建缩尺模型和现场实测进行公路隧道内降噪优化设计,研究了吸声材料的五种布设位置和三种铺设数量对降噪效果的影响,提出了吸声材料或吸声结构的最佳设置位置和最佳设置数量,相关研究结论对提高公路隧道内降噪设计的经济效果、节约建筑材料具有重要意义。(5)推荐了具有抗滑、降噪、阻燃、反光性能的公路隧道沥青路面结构型式,从满足公路隧道路面功能的角度合理确定了混合料的各项设计参数,重点试验研究了玻璃珠不同粒径和不同掺加比例对混合料空隙率、各路用性能、反光效果的影响状况,推荐最佳的反光材料掺加方案,所得结论对提高隧道内照明效果、促进节能减排具有重要应用价值。(6)推荐具有抗滑、降噪性能的公路隧道刻槽水泥路面结构型式,结合室内试验进行了刻槽参数优化设计,研究了刻槽参数对路面抗滑、降噪及强度性能的影响,提出最佳的刻槽走向、槽型、槽宽、槽深、’槽间距方案。此外,以上研究成果均在试验路上进行了验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, tunnel mileage increase gradually with the rapid development of highway construction. There are more and more concerns about the selection of tunnel pavement structure because the structural design of tunnel pavement according to the ordinary design method cannot accommodate the actual situation. This dissertation thoroughly study the issues about the pavement structure and material, design optimization of noise reduction by quantitatively analyze the environment of temperature, traffic noise, lighting inside highway tunnels. The results offer theoretical basis for pavement design and materials selection in tunnels.The research in this paper consists of some aspects as follows:(1) In order to breakthrough the traditional measurement situation, the finite element method(FEM) was developed to calculate and contrast the air temperature inside long and short highway tunnel,and analysis the factors result in the differences. (2) Only two kinds of heat conduction between the pavement and its surroundings are considered, including air heat flow and the radiation between air andpavement by contrasting the factors affecting the pavement temperature field inside and outside tunnels. The FEM also was used to analysis such pavement temperature field indics as temperature, thermal gradient and temperature changing velocity inside long and short tunnels,and the result can offer theoretical basis for pavement design and materials selection in tunnels. (3) The sound field characteristic inside highway tunnel was analysed and put forward a simple and applicable traffic noise prediction method---modified coherent model which was compared to incoherent model and ASJ model used internationally. Especially the three theoretical prediction value and measurement was discussed in two cases as fixed sound sourse and rigid boundary,mobile sound sourse and absorbtion materials set in boundary, which prove the modified coherent model prediction method cound be used to optimize noise reduction design. (4) In order to improve the economic effect of noise reduction and save contruction materials, design optimization of noise reduction inside highway tunnel was carried out by constructing scale model and field measurement. The research include the influence of noise reduction in five locations and three amounts of the absorption materials,and proposed the optimum location and amount of absorption materials and absorption structures. (5)The asphalt pavemen structure with anti-slide, noise reduction, fire-retarded and glistening proformances was recommended and study the design parameters of the mixture from satisfying the function of tunnel pavement use, particularly with an emphasis on researching the influence on mixture voidage, the pavement performance and reflection when different rate and diameter glass bead appended into asphalt mixture and put up the best appending program. The result has important application value on increasing the effect of tunnel illuminance and promoting energy saving and emission reduction. (6)The groove cement pavement structure with anti-slide and noise reduction performance was put up in this paper, and combined with indoor experimen to optimum grooving parameters and put forward the best program including the groove oritention, pattern, width, depth and internals. All the research result have been put into application and examined successfully in testing road.更多还原