【作者】 慕慧；

【导师】 杨少伟；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 山区高速公路的快速发展,给山区交通带来极大的便利,然而,高速公路交通事故的多发,给国家和人民造成了巨大的损失。超速是引起交通事故的主要因素之一,因此,探索有效的速度管理策略与方法,处理好、平衡好机动化和交通安全的关系,是当前社会舆论普遍关注和亟待解决的问题。实践证明,合理的限速对于提高高速公路的安全水平和服务水平具有促进作用,但我国目前还没有统一的限速标准和方法,本文在对国内外速度限制相关研究深入分析的基础上,以高效、安全为目标研究山区高速公路的合理限速方法,为高速公路的速度管理提供依据。本文通过分析速度与安全、限速与速度及安全之间关系,结合国内外有关高速公路限速的研究成果,提出以控制平均速度、速度差和满足驾驶员期望速度作为确定合理限速依据的限速方法。根据驾驶员对限速标志上信息的视认性和心理反应特性,同时考虑车辆最小稳定行驶时间等因素,提出了限速路段最小长度标准值。在分析设计速度、运行速度在确定限速值时存在局限性的基础上,提出了道路供给临界速度的概念。道路供给临界速度是指在良好的气候条件和交通条件下,在保障车辆行驶稳定性和安全性的前提下,道路几何尺寸所能提供的最高速度。并根据道路线形的组合形式,综合考虑平、纵、横断面及视距的情况下,确定了道路供给临界速度的计算模型。结合限速路段最小长度标准,提出以反映道路实际线形情况的道路供给临界速度为依据的限速路段划分方法。应用多目标优化的思想确定了基于安全、高效的高速公路最高限速值。以道路供给临界速度为依据,确定可能限速值,以事故致死率、速度差、运行时间和满足驾驶员期望速度为目标,利用多属性决策方法—TOPSIS法对各可能的限速值进行评价,得到最优的最高限速值。以速度的离散度作为控制指标来确定最低限速值。在分析隧道和长大下坡路段安全性的基础上,提出长大隧道路段基于运行速度和视觉适应性的最高限速值确定方法,长大下坡路段大货车基于制动器失效的最大限速值确定方法。最后,依托已建蓝商高速公路,将限速理论、方法应用于工程实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of mountain expressway brings conveniece to traffic of mountain, however, high traffic accidents of expressway result in great damage for nation and people. Speeding is one of the main factors that cause traffic accidents. Therefore, to explore effective management strategies and methods of speed, well balanced motorization and traffic safety is the current public attention and the problems to be solved. Setting speed limit is the most commonly used speed management method, practice has proved that reasonable speed limit can promote safety level and service level of freeway. Currently there is no uniform standard and methods of setting speed limit in china, on the basis of deeply analyzing domestic and international research results of speed limits, the paper research the method of setting speed limit based on efficiency and safety for mountain expressway, which provides gist for speed management of expressway.Through analyzing the relationship between speed and safety and the relationship among speed, speed limit and safety, combining domestic and international research results of setting speed limit on expressway, the paper put forward the method of setting speed limit to control the average speed, speed variance and to satisfy drivers speed expectation as the main basis for determining reasonable speed limit. According to the driver’s visual recognition and psychological reaction characteristics for information of speed limit signs, taking into account the minimum stable travel time of vehicle, proposing the minimum standard length of speed limit section.On the basis of analyzing the limitations of design speed and operating speed in determining the speed limit value, the concept of critical speed of road supply is put forward. Critical speed of road supply refers to the highest speed of road geometric dimensioning can provide under good weather and traffic conditions and ensuring the safety and stability of the vehicle operating. According to the combination of road alignment, under the condition of the comprehensive consideration of the plan, longitudinal, cross and sight distance, the calculation model of critical speed of road supply is determined.Using the ideas of multi-objective optimization, the paper brought forward the method of determining the maximum speed limit for expressway based on safety and efficiency. According to the critical speed of road supply to determine the possible speed limit value, by deadly accidents, speed variance, time of operating and meet drivers speed expectation as the goal, using multi-attribute decision-making method-the TOPSIS method evaluates the possible speed limit value, and gets the optimal values of the maximum speed limit. With the speed discrete degree as the control indicators, the minimum speed limit is concluded.After analyzing the safety of expressway tunnel and long and steep down hill road, put forward the method on setting the maximum speed limit of expressway tunnel based upon operating speed and visual adaptation, and the method on setting the maximum speed limit of long and steep down hill road based upon brake failure. Finally, relying on the Lan- Shang expressway already built, speed limit theory and method is applied in engineering practice.更多还原