【作者】 张向宁；

【导师】 梅洪元；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 当今时代,科学技术的进步拓展了人们的视野,边缘性学科、横断性学科与综合性学科之间的相互渗透与融合,使得人类的知识领域呈现出从分析走向综合的发展趋势。建筑学藉此获得了混融性、多样性与开放性的发展契机。基于这样广阔的创作视阈,当代西方建筑形态创作领域发生了深刻的变革。建筑形态创作已不仅仅是提供最终产品的工程设计,而是一个集科学、哲学、技术于一体的复杂性综合关联。一批富有创造力的建筑师不再视建筑为一个纯粹的、机械的、仅仅为人类提供栖息的物体,相反它变成了一个根源于世界复杂性的鲜活有机结构。建筑形态语言开始倾向于一种非线性科学思维的建构,即对事物复杂性还原的重新认识,对时间与空间、历时与共时的重新认识,对主体意识形态与文本生产互动的重新认识。过去针对欧氏几何建筑形态的单一创作手段、审美原则、建构体系已不适用于今日复杂多样的建筑形态,一系列符合新科技、新观念发展趋势的“复杂”建筑形态正不断涌现。今天这场追求建筑形态创新的革命在广度和深度上的影响力超越了以往任何时代,这已在西方建筑理论界得到了广泛的共识,成为21世纪一场重要的建筑运动。本文将研究视角放在了当代建筑形态创作领域的新趋势上,将“复杂性建筑形态”作为这类异于以往时代建筑形态体系的本质特征,并作为本文的研究对象。本文通过研究对其概念进行如下定义:“复杂性建筑形态”是在数字化时代,以复杂性科学为理论基础,以后现代哲学为思想根源、以数字化建造为技术支撑,试图通过建筑复杂多元的直观形态和丰富的空间体验来模拟与还原现实世界复杂性的建筑形态体系。“复杂性建筑形态”以非线性思维为本质特征,以数字化技术运用为物质基础,以向我们展现现实世界的复杂性为设计目的,它是外在复杂形态与内在复杂逻辑的综合体现。建筑形态向“复杂性”的转向反映了当代建筑实践对事物间整体关联、动态进化机制的关注,建筑形态流变的混沌与复杂性特征正是全面渗透的复杂性科学的映射,“复杂性”的实质是这一机制引导下的建筑观念转变的体现。本文研究的目的不是对新建筑趋势的归纳性总结,而是将研究对象置于动态、开放的体系之中,旨在建构一个对其能客观、综合解读的研究平台。本文建构了以“复杂性科学为理论基础、德勒兹哲学为思想根源、数字化建构为技术支撑”的理论平台;揭示了复杂性建筑形态“涌现性建构、拓扑化形变、参数化设计”的规律;提出了技术在复杂性建筑形态设计中的作用机制、运行机理和深层互动关系。本文是对当代“复杂性建筑形态”的“局部性”研究,文中所总结的形态特质与设计策略并不是“复杂性建筑形态”设计的全部,现实中我们也无法穷尽所有的设计手法,但这些类型都具有一定的代表性与典型性,能够充分反映当代“复杂性建筑形态”设计的最高水平,特别是“涌现性建构”与“参数化设计”这样的全新的建构逻辑与建造体系,它们从特定的视角反映了“复杂性建筑形态”的形态特质,而这样鲜明的特征更容易使我们加深对“复杂性”的本原概念的深刻理解。本文采用“理论思辩、学科交叉、实例解析”等研究方法,创见性的从纷繁复杂的建筑现象中抽离出“复杂性建筑形态”最本原的逻辑,建构了一个了能够对其“形态特质、形态建构、形态生成、形态建造”进行客观、综合解读的理论体系,揭示了复杂性建筑形态“复杂性”的本体意义、内在规律与创作机制。这样的研究成果在于为理解当代建筑创作中的“复杂性”思维提供理论及实践上的重要凭借。同时,对于拓展中国建筑师的创作视阈,建构面向信息社会的中国原创建筑理论,推进“复杂性建筑形态”在中国的发展,提高中国建筑的原创水平具有重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern times, the progress of science and technology has broadened people’s field of view. The mutual infiltration and fusion between the marginal, cross-sectional and integrative disciplines have made the analytic development trend in the human knowledge field becoming comprehensive. Through this Architecture has obtained the development opportunities of fusion, diversity, and openness. Based on this broad designing visual threshold, the form design filed in contemporary western architecture has undergone a great revolution. Architectural form design is not only engineering design providing final product, but a comprehensive correlation of complexity gathering science, philosophy and techniques in whole. Some creative architects no longer view architecture as pure, mechanical object that just provides human with habitats. On the contrary, it becomes a fresh organic structure originating in the complexity of the world. Architectural form language starts to tend to construct as nonlinear science thinking, namely, to relearn the restoration of complexity, the time and space, the period and synchrony, the main ideology and the text production interaction. The past simplex design method, aesthetic principle and construction system that aimed at the Euclidean geometry architectural forms are no longer applicable to today’s complicated architectural form, when a series of "complex" architectural forms suiting the development trend of new technology and new concept are emerging. Today, the influence of the breadth and depth of the new innovation pursuing architectural forms revolution is beyond any of the previous era, which has won broad consensus in the western architectural theory circle, becoming an important architecture movement in the 21st century.This paper puts the research perspective on the new trend of contemporary architecture form design field, taking the "complex architectural form" as an essential characteristic different from the architectural forms of previous era as well as the research object of this paper. Through the study this paper gives the following definition to the concept: "complex architectural form" is a architectural form in digital age, taking complex science as theoretical basis, the modern philosophy as thoughts resource, digital construction as technical support, attempting to simulate and restore the real world through complex, diverse forms and rich space experience. The "complex architectural form" takes nonlinear thinking as the essential characteristics, digital technological application as basis, and revealing to us the complexity of the real world as the purpose. It is the comprehensive embodiment of the external complex form and inner complex logic. The change of direction to“complexity”of architectural form reflects the attention of the contemporary architecture practice to the overall relevance between things and the dynamic evolution mechanism. The characteristics of the chaos and complexity of the architectural form change are the mapping of the penetrating complex science. The essence of complexity is the embodiment of architectural conception change under the guidance of the mechanism.The aim of this study is not to conclude new architectural trends. Instead, we place it in a dynamic and open system, aiming to provide a clear and acute perspective, constructing a theoretical platform where it can be studied objectively and comprehensively.On the layer of the basic theory, through the related multidimensional research into the science, philosophy and technology of“complex architectural form”, this paper pierces with panoramic way into the complex thing-in-itself characteristics like“form connotation, form logic, form formation”on the form layer.As to the practical theory, through the related research into the“emerging construction, topological shape change, and parametric design”, this paper reveals the complex thing-in-itself characteristics like“form logic, form formation and form construction”on the form design layer.As to the concrete strategies, this paper gets rid of the artful tendency and plot of traditional architectural research, instead, puts technology as a hidden research clue through the whole paper. The paper researches into the ontology meaning of complex architectural form from the angle of technology, further analyzes into the functional and operational mechanisms and the interactive relationship in depth, especially the great support of complex science and digitalization construction to the form construction of“complex architectural form”as well as the concrete technological strategy and measures reflected.This paper is a“partial”study into contemporary complex architectural forms, the summarized characteristics and design strategy are not covering all of the design of complex architectural forms. Even in reality we are not able to use all the design methods. However, these types are of certain representativeness, reflecting the highest level of contemporary complex architectural forms, especially such new construction logic and system of“emerging construction”and“parametric design”, which reflect the form characteristics of complex architectural forms from certain perspective. The distinct characteristics deepen our understanding for the original concept of complexity.By using the research methods of theoretical pondering, interdisciplinary method, example analysis, this paper innovatively extracts from the complicated architectural phenomenon the most original logic of“complex architectural form", constructing a theory system enabling objective interpretation into its "morphological particularity, connotation, logic, formation and construction”, revealing the ontological meaning, inner disciplines and design mechanism of the“complexity”of complex architectural form. Such research result provides significant theoretical and practical basis to understand the complexity thinking of contemporary architectural design. At the same time, it has great real significance to expand the visual threshold of Chinese architects, to construct Chinese original architectural theories facing informationized society, to impel the development of complex architectural forms in China, as well as to improve the original design level of Chinese architecture.更多还原