【作者】 阚甲广；

【导师】 张农；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 沿空留巷符合绿色采矿、科学采矿的发展方向,是一项很有前景的技术,但由于该类巷道顶板活动持续时间长、应力集中程度高、动压影响强烈,巷道变形破坏严重,维护困难,导致留巷应用停滞不前。已有研究对顶板结构运移和破坏规律、应力分布与动态演化规律方面研究尚不够深入,现有沿空留巷控制手段尚不能有效控制巷道变形破坏,制约着沿空留巷技术的应用与发展。本文采用理论分析、三维数值模拟计算、物理模拟实验和工业性试验相结合的方法,系统研究了巷旁充填体支护阻力、顶板垮落规律与变形特征、围岩应力演化规律,提出沿空留巷“三位一体”围岩强化控制技术,并在工程实践中得到了成功应用,取得了如下研究成果:(1)利用叠加连续层板模型,考虑巷帮煤体承载作用和顶板垮落诱因,得出了三种顶板条件下的巷旁支护阻力计算公式。(2)采用物理模拟实验,研究了三种典型条件下沿空留巷顶板垮落规律和变形特征。实验结果表明,基本顶破断位置随直接顶厚度的减小由采空侧向充填体不断靠近;基本顶回转角和顶板垮落角随直接顶厚度减小而增大。(3)运用三维数值模拟计算、平面应变物理模拟实验、现场实测相结合的研究手段,系统研究了三种典型顶板条件下巷道掘进、采动留巷、稳定过程中围岩应力动态发展与演化规律,分析了充填区域顶板承载性能对围岩应力分布的影响。(4)基于沿空留巷应力分布与破坏特征的阶段性,提出了采动应力调整阶段动态让压、整体强化的留巷围岩控制思想,形成了巷内锚杆强化、巷旁充填体强化、巷内自移式主动强力控顶支架辅助加强的“三位一体”强化支护技术体系。上述研究成果在顾桥煤矿、卧龙湖煤矿两个试验点3种典型顶板条件下得以成功应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gob-side entry retaining is a promising technology with the green mining and scientific mining. But because the long time activity of the roof,high stress concentration and strong dynamic pressure, the roadway deformed and damaged seriously, and maintained difficultly, which cause the applications stagnant. The existing research on the roof structure movement and stress distribution, dynamic evolution of aspects are not gone far enough. The control methods of gob-side entry retaining still cannot control the deformation and damage effectively. Therefore, the technology development and application of gob-side entry retaining is restricted.This dissertation systematically studies the roadside support resistance, the law of roof collapse and deformation characteristics and evolutional rules of surrounding rock stress by adopting the theoretical analysis, three-dimensional numerical simulation and the method of combining physical simulation experiment with industrial test. This dissertation put forward the "trinity" strengthening support technology of gob-side entry retaining, which has been successfully applied in engineering practice, made the following findings:(1) Through utilizing the continuous laminate model and considering the factors of the support effect of the coal side in the roadway, the incentives of roof caving, etc., the calculation formulas of roadside support resistance under three kinds of roof conditions are obtained.(2) According to physical simulation experiment, the law of roof caving and deformation of gob-side entry retaining under the three typical conditions are studied. The experiment result shows that with the decrease of the thickness of direct roof, the position of basic roof breaking is closing to the filling body from the goaf side. The more thickness of immediate roof decrease, the more the basic roof rotary angle and the roof caving angle increase.(3) Through applying the combining study method of three-dimensional numerical simulation, plane strain physical simulation experiment and field measurement, the surrounding rock stress dynamic development and evolution of the tunnel excavation, mining, stable process under three typical roof conditions are studied systematically. Meanwhile, the effect of roof bearing capacity of filling areas to the surrounding rock stress distribution is analyzed.(4) Based on the stage of stress distribution and failure characteristic in the gob-side entry retaining, it put forward the idea of roadway retained surrounding rock controlling of dynamic release-pressure and whole strengthen in the adjustment stage of mine-induced stress, formed the“trinity”hardening support technology system of bolting enhanced for roadway, filling body enhanced and assistant enhanced of self-moving roof-control support.The above results are applied successfully in two pilots of the Guqiao coal mine and the Wolonghu coal mine under three typical roof conditions.更多还原