【作者】 曹平；

【导师】 严新平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 路面抗滑性能不足是引发交通事故的主要因素之一,沥青路面的抗滑性能主要受路面表面形貌和路面污染物等介质的影响,因此研究路面形貌和污染物对沥青路面抗滑性能的影响具有重要的意义。在分析轮胎与路面的接触特点、轮胎与路面摩擦力产生的机理的基础上,运用汽车轮胎学、黏弹性理论、橡胶摩擦原理、流体动力润滑理论等理论首次系统分析了沥青路面宏观构造、微观构造对干燥、润湿、积水沥青路面抗滑性能的影响。理论分析结果表明,沥青路面形貌对干燥、润湿及积水沥青路面的抗滑性能均存在影响。宏观构造高度增加、间距减小、尖锐程度增大有利于增强干燥路面抗滑性能；宏观构造尖锐程度增大有助于提升润湿路面抗滑性能；宏观构造高度增大、间距增加有利于提高积水路面抗滑性能和提升发生完全动力滑水的临界速度。微观构造高度增加、间距减小有利于提升干燥、润湿沥青路面抗滑性能。进行表面形貌与污染物对沥青路面抗滑性能影响的试验研究,需要对沥青路面表面形貌和抗滑性能进行检测。根据激光三角测距原理研制了基于激光测距仪的沥青路面宏观纹理检测试验台,并利用该试验台对沥青路面试样的宏观构造形貌进行了测量；利用触针式轮廓仪测量了沥青路面试样的微观构造形貌。为了对沥青路面形貌特征进行描述,首次建立了沥青路面形貌特征表述的较完整特征参数体系。利用改进的摆式摩擦系数仪对沥青路面的抗滑性能进行了检测；通过对MMW-1万能磨损试验机的改造,开发了基于MMW-1万能磨损试验机的沥青路面抗滑性能室内检测新方法,运用该方法测量了沥青路面抗滑性能随速度和载荷变化的曲线。根据干燥、润湿沥青路面滑动摩擦系数随速度和载荷变化的曲线,干燥、润湿沥青路面的抗滑性能均随滑动速度的增加而降低,随载荷的增加而增强。以试验数据为基础,分析了沥青路表面形貌各特征参数与沥青路面抗滑性能、抗滑性能随速度与载荷变化速率相关性。分析结果表明,沥青面表面形貌对抗滑性能、抗滑性能随速度与载荷变化的速率均有一定影响。宏观构造高度较大、形状比较尖锐时干摩擦系数随速度变化的速率较小；宏观构造形状比较尖锐时湿摩擦系数随速度变化的速率较小；微观间距较小时,干摩擦系数随速度变化的速率较小。宏观构造高度较大、形状比较尖锐时,干摩擦系数随载荷增大的速率较快,宏观构造对湿摩擦系数随载荷变化的速率影响不明显。微观构造对干、湿摩擦系数随载荷变化的速率影响均不明显。在分析实际路面污染物来源的基础上,选取粗砂、沙子、泥粉、润滑油及水作为典型的污染物,首次通过试验研究了污染物对常见沥青路面抗滑性能的影响,并对各种污染物对沥青路面抗滑性能影响的持久性进行了分析。研究结果表明,路面污染物的存在会导致沥青路面的抗滑性能下降7%-50%,路面污染物分布越密集对沥青路面抗滑性能的负面影响越大。润滑油、颗粒较小的污染物(如沙子、泥粉)能对沥青路面的抗滑性能产生持久影响。颗粒较大的污染物(如粗砂)分布比较密集时也会对沥青路面的抗滑性能产生持久影响。本文研究为发展基于表面形貌特征参数的沥青路面抗滑性能评估模型奠定了基础,对高抗滑性能沥青路面的设计、选材、施工具有借鉴意义,为沥青路面养护和安全行车提供了指导性意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Low skid resistance of road surfaces was one of the most important factors of potential traffic accidents. Skid resistance of asphalt pavements was mainly affected by pavement texture and mediums such as contaminants on road surfaces. So the study on effects of texture and contaminants on skid resistance of asphalt pavements was important.Characteristics of contact mode, the mechanism of friction between tire and road surfaces were analyzed to study effects of texture on skid resistance of asphalt pavements. Theories such as tire theory, theory of viscoelasticity, rubber friction theory and theory of hydrodynamic lubrication were applied to analyze the effects of macro-texture and micro-texture on skid resistance of dry, wet, high water asphalt pavements. Macro-texture and micro-texture had effects on skid resistance of dry, wet, high water asphalt pavements according to results of theory analyses.Texture and skid resistance should be tested to study their effects on skid resistance of asphalt pavements by experiment data. The test equipment based on laser distance measuring instrument was designed to test macro-texture of asphalt pavements. Micro-texture of asphalt pavements was tested by a stylus profile meter. A parameter system was built to describe texture characteristics of asphalt pavements correctly. Skid resistance asphalt pavements of was tested by improved British Pendulum Tester. Skid numbers-slip speed curve of asphalt pavements was tested by refitted MMW-1 universal abrasion testing machine. Skid numbers-load curve of asphalt pavements was also tested by refitted MMW-1 universal abrasion testing machine.Skid resistance of asphalt pavements decreased when slip speed between tire and road increased, according to skid numbers-slip speed curve. Skid resistance of asphalt pavements increased with load increasing according to skid numbers-load curve. When the relationship between texture parameters and skid resistance of asphalt pavements was analyzed, a conclusion could be obtained. Texture had some effects on skid resistance of asphalt pavements. The speed which skid resistance decreased at with slip speed, the speed which skid resistance increased at with load were both affected by texture of asphalt pavements. The experiment to study effects of contaminants on skid resistance of asphalt pavements was finished in the laboratory. Grit, sand, earth, lube oil and water were chosen as contaminants in this paper after analyzing the source of contaminants on real asphalt pavements. Contaminants had distinct negative effects on skid resistance of asphalt pavements. More densely contaminants distributed, the bigger negative effects contaminants had on skid resistance of asphalt pavements. Lube oil, contaminants with smaller grains such as sand and earth had long-term effects on skid resistance of asphalt pavements. Contaminants with bigger grain such as grit also had long-term effects on skid resistance of asphalt pavements when contaminants had dense distribution.The conclusions of this paper were useful for developing the skid resistance evaluation model based on texture parameters of asphalt pavements. The design, material choice and building of asphalt pavements with high skid resistance could find valuable information from the conclusions. The maintainer of highways could obtain suggestions for keeping skid resistance of asphalt pavements in this paper. Drivers could also find useful information for driving safely from this paper.更多还原