【作者】 徐敬尧；

【导师】 张明旭；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 煤炭生物降解转化是一种生物技术和矿物加工以及煤化工技术相结合的跨学科、跨专业的生物工程创新研究,实现了煤炭的“绿色”洁净转化,开辟了煤炭工业可持续发展的新道路。煤炭的生物降解转化具有能耗低、转化条件温和和绿色环保等优越性,是实施中国洁净煤战略的必由之路。论文研究基于我国是储量、生产和使用煤炭的“超级大国”的国情,从而决定了煤炭的生物降解转化——绿色煤炭技术将是一项前瞻性的基础研究课题。论文系统的对具有木质素降解酶系统的美国系BKM-F-1767黄孢原毛平革菌和具有芳环结构降解酶系统的球红假单胞菌进行了煤炭生物降解转化的实验研究,进而利用了生物基因工程的方法对球红假单胞菌和黄孢原毛平革菌进行细胞融合、基因重组方面的尝试,获得了对煤炭生物降解转化的高效工程菌。另外,同步对球红假单胞菌和黄孢原毛平革菌及其原生质体进行紫外和微波的物理诱变育种,用经典的诱变育种方法对其进行菌种改造,选育了优良的煤炭生物降解转化新菌种。对降解产物的特性进行了研究,采用FTIR、MS、XRD和TG-DTA等多种现代分析测试技术,对原煤、硝酸处理煤、煤炭降解后残渣及煤炭降解产物进行了分析和研究。结果表明:褐煤的分子结构在降解前后发生了较大程度的变化,结构发生了降解,热性质发生了变化;降解产物是加酸沉淀物,固态时是一种似煤的黑亮色物质,加碱易溶解,不溶于乙醇。论文还对煤炭生物降解转化的机理进行了研究,试验表明:黄孢原毛平革菌对煤炭生物降解转化是木质素降解酶作用的结果;球红假单胞菌对煤炭的生物降解转化机理是酶DszA,B,C和还原酶对煤炭芳环结构攻击作用的结果;而球红假单胞菌、黄孢原毛平革菌的跨界融合子对煤炭生物降解转化机理是跨界融合子能同时分泌两种生物酶系统,具有两套煤炭生物降解转化方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The biodegradation and conversion of coal is a new cross subject of biotechnology, mineral processing and coal chemical industry. It makes the coal realize the "green" clean conversion, and create the new way of persistent development for the coal industry.The biodegradation and conversion of coal has the benefits of low-energy consumption, temperate condition and green environment. It is the way to carry out the clean coal technology for China. The paper is based on the condition that China has large of coal for production and consumption. It determines that the green coal technology—the biodegradation and conversion of coal is a prospective fundamental research in the field of Bio-mining technology.The paper carries out the experiments of coal biodegradation and conversion with two bacteria systematically. That is American BKM - F - 1767 phanerochaete chrysosporium with enzyme to degrade lignin and Rhodopseudomonas spheroids with enzyme to degrade aromatic compound. With the method of genetic engineering, we try experiments of cell fusion and gene recombination of phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhodopseudomonas spheroids. And we get super engineering bacteria for coal biodegradation and conversion. In additions, we mutagenesis the above-mentioned bacteria and its protoplast with classical means of ultraviolet and microwave array radiation. And we breed new elite bacteria for coal biodegradation and conversion.The features of the degraded products are studied in the paper. We use some kinds of modern testing techniques such as FTIR、MS、XRD and TG-DTA to compare and study original coal、the coal pretreated with nitric acid, cinder after degradation and degradation product. The results show that big molecular structures have been greatly changed, and the character of caloric has been changed. The degradation product is deposited after adding acid. The degradation product in the state of solid is like coal, bright and black. It can be dissolved by alkali and can not be dissolved by ethanol.The paper also studies the rules of biodegradation and conversion. The research show that it is the degrading lignin enzyme of phanerochaete chrysosporium and DszA, B, C and reduction enzyme of Rhodopseudomonas spheroids to degrade coal. However, the fusant of the the above-mentioned bacteria can secrete two bio-enzyme systems at the same time, and has two modes to degrade and convert coal accordingly.更多还原