【作者】 冯平；

【导师】 赵国祥；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 教育学原理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 我国当前高校管理领域暴露出许多问题——大学文化缺乏独立精神,管理导向存在误区,民主氛围淡薄,人际关系疏离,压抑感弥散……调查发现,高校中存在压抑感的师生比例惊人。对现象背后之根源的层层追问,将笔者引致对“异化”的思考:为了保证教育活动的效率与质量,促进大学与师生的和谐发展,人们设计了高校管理系统,而此管理系统在运行过程中却逐渐成为一种外在于人、反对人的力量,对管理系统中人的发展产生了压制的作用。管理的异化使得本来为人所用、服务于人的发展的管理方法和手段成为制约人自由全面发展的禁锢,使人的创造性受到压抑,与幸福感渐行渐远,客观上也影响到高校的发展。造成高校管理异化的内在因素有很多,包括高校文化传统基因的因袭、大学独立精神的缺失、管理活动中知识分子人群的政治失语和多元文化背景下人的主体性的迷失等,外部因素包括社会转型时期政治文化的影响、高等教育管理体制改革的政策效应、对教育目的的社会认识偏差、高校独立评价体系的缺失等。理想的教育并非为了制造学者、工程师和寻找工作的人,而是培养人格完整的人,有智慧的人,有社会责任感的人。教育的终极目的是实现人的自由全面发展,使人获得幸福。为了回答大学应该提供怎样的管理才能服务于理想的教育,如何使人获得幸福感、归属感、成就感,消除压抑感、倦怠感、失落感这样根本性的问题,作为对高校管理理念创新的一种探索,本研究提出了高校管理的自主管理范式。自主管理基于人性善的假设,管理以引导向善行为为主,主要采取柔性方法,强调管理者与广大被管理者的互动,鼓励民主参与,为管理活动参与者营造宽容轻松的环境,在和谐融洽的氛围中完成管理过程。这一范式以塑造大学独立精神、以人为本和尊重开放性为原则,以文化管理为基础,以自我管理为核心,以弹性管理为手段,其管理过程中呈现和谐互动的特点。自主管理范式从教育学、管理哲学的角度历史地勾画出促进个体自由全面发展的理论路径,同时立足消除高校管理活动对人的异化这一现实需要,为高校探索实施新的管理范式提供了现实可能。要对目前受到管理异化侵扰的高校管理进行创新,就必须改变其内外部环境,为创新营造条件。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》的颁布进一步明确了国家高等教育改革方向,使人们看到希望,也更加关心如何使文本变成现实。本文对如何规避高校管理异化进行了理性反思,从当下实际出发,提出必须改善高等教育政策环境,落实高校办学自主权。回归本真的高校管理应当确立现代大学权力结构,建立现代大学运行机制,使大学精神得以重塑,实现大学的学术权力与党政权力、校级权力与基层权力有机结合,管理者从工具理性向价值理性回归,师生全员参与管理,遵守心理契约,大学建立自我约束与评估机制,大学通过提升创新意识从而不断强化其人格独立性,赢得社会的真正尊重。超越异化的大学师生应当是充满创造激情和学习热情的,教师深度参与大学的管理和决策,享有学术自由和尊严,学生树立终身学习理念,学会自主学习和自我管理,在实践活动中培养创造能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,a lot of problems have come out in the management of Chinese colleges—lack of independent spirit in college culture,long-standing mistaken ideas about the guidance of management,weak democratic atmosphere,estranged interpersonal relations,depressive feeling dispersion,etc. Investigation finds out that the teachers and students who suffer oppression constitute a large proportion at colleges. Probing into the causes behind the root of facts results in the writer’s thinking about dissimilation: In order to ensure the efficiency and quality of education activity and promote the harmonious development between university and teacher-student, people designed college management system. But this management system has gradually become an outside power to oppose people themselves, and produced repressive function on people in the management system. In the first place, management method and means are for serving people, but the dissimilation of management makes them imprisonment to constrain people’s free and all-around development. This causes the person’s creativity repressed and makes them away from happiness. Objectively speaking, it also affects the development of colleges. There exist many intrinsic factors,which cause the college management dissimilation, including copying the college culture tradition genes,lacking college independent spirit , intellectual groups’lack of political comment in management,and the lost personal subject within the multi-culture background and so on. The external factors include political and cultural influence during the society’s transitional period,policy effect of higher education management system reform, the society’s cognitive deviation from educational objectives,and the lack of independent evaluation system, and so on.The ideal education is not to produce scholars, engineers and job-seekers, but to cultivate the person who has well-rounded personality, intelligent and responsible for society. The ultimate purpose of education is to realize people’s free and overall development, and to make the person obtain happiness. In order to answer what kind of management university should provide to serve the ideal education, how to cause the person to obtain the sense of happiness, belonging and fulfillment, as well as to eliminate such essential problems as the sense of oppression, fatigue and loss; this study proposes a paradigm of self-management of university management from the point of exploration on university management concept innovation. Self-management aims at guiding good behavior basing on the assumption that human nature is good, and it mainly takes the flexible approach that emphasizes the manager’s interaction with the majority being managed, encouraging democratic participation, creating a relaxing and tolerant environment for the management activity participants. At last, it results with complete management process in a harmonious atmosphere. This paradigm is founded on the principle of modeling independent spirit, people-oriented and respecting openness; bases on cultural management; centers on self-management; using measure of elastic management; is characteristics of harmony and interactivity during the management process. Self-management paradigm draws the outline of theoretical path of promoting personal free and complete development from the point of view of pedagogics and management philosophy. Meanwhile, it bases itself on eliminating the practical need of college management activities’dissimilating people. It provides practical possibility for college’s exploring new management pattern.In order to make innovations for college management which is being intruded by dissimilation management at present, its environment inside and outside must be changed to create conditions for innovation. The publishing of Outline of National Medium and Long Term Educational Reform and Development Plan (2010-2020) has moved forward to make reform direction of national higher education clear, which allows people to see hope, and pay more attention to how to turn words into reality. This dissertation reflects on how to avoid dissimilation of higher education management, and puts forward that we must improve policy environment of higher education and fulfill independence for running colleges. The college management of its true nature should establish modern college power structure and modern college functioning mechanism. Thus the college spirit can be reshaped; the academic power and the political power, the college administration power and the skeleton crew power can be integrated organically. The administrative personals regress from tools sense to value sense; the teachers and students all take part in college management, observe mentality stipulation; self restriction and evaluation should be established in college. Colleges should strengthen personality independency continually by advancing their innovating spirit, so as to win the social true respect. College teachers and students who have transcended dissimilation should be full of creative enthusiasms and researching passions; teachers should take part in the college management and decision-making, be in possession of academic freedom and respect; students should build up life-long study concept and learn independent study and self-management and cultivate the creative capacity in practical activities.更多还原