【作者】 周琼；

【导师】 易继明；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 社会学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 精神损害赔偿诉讼随着人类对精神和心灵上的健康和安宁的日益重视而在实践中被越来越多的提出。诉讼的增多、范围的扩大、数额的提高是精神损害赔偿领域非常明显的一种发展趋势。本文从制度和实证两个角度,描述了我国精神损害赔偿的现状。在我国,侵犯人身权和受法律保护的人身利益均可能获得精神损害赔偿;其中,侵犯受法律保护的人身利益的精神损害赔偿应该受到更多的限制。在司法实践中,我国精神损害赔偿诉讼多发生在侵犯物质性人格权的领域；并且发挥着弘扬社会道德、维护社会和谐等作用。大陆法系与英美法系国家在精神损害赔偿问题上有着不同的作法。在大陆法系国家内部,法国的精神损害赔偿制度是以损害为中心建构的；德国的精神损害是以权利为中心建构的,因此法国法上精神损害赔偿受到的限制比较少。英美法系国家的精神损害赔偿具有非常强烈的判例法色彩。他们将精神损害分为纯粹精神损害与其他类型的精神损害,并且给予了纯粹精神损害赔偿更多的关注。文章从事实和价值两个方面论证了精神损害赔偿的正当性基础。依据医学和心理学的研究成果,精神障碍具有较为明确的判断标准；精神障碍的原因虽然比较复杂,但也有一定的规律。在司法实践中,法官往往不考虑受害人自身特定的身体和精神状况,而采用客观标准来判断精神损害及其成因,“蛋壳脑袋理论”在精神损害赔偿问题上同样适用。在价值层面,“人文主义”和自然哲学思想是人格权和精神损害赔偿的理论源泉；分配正义和矫正正义理论则为精神损害赔偿提供了正当性依据。精神损害赔偿的功能最直观的体现了精神损害赔偿的正当性。财产对于人类精神世界的建构具有重大的作用,这是精神损害赔偿功能得以发挥的前提。概括而言,精神损害赔偿具有补偿、抚慰、惩罚和教育、调整等四个方面的作用,它们在不同的案件中有不同的体现。在实践中,精神损害赔偿发挥了更多的制度之外的功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since people pay more attention to the health and peace of the heart and soul, they bring more and more litigation to get compensation for their mental damage. The increase of litigation, expansion of scope and the raise of the number are the obvious trends in the mental damage compensation area.This thesis describes the concurrent situation of the mental damage compensation in systematic and empirical perspective. Invading personal right and personal interest protected by law will cause mental damage litigation, and the plaintiff may get.the compensation in China. But we should put more constraint on the compensation for the damage of personal interest protected by law. In judicial practice, the litigation for mental damage compensation often brought in physical personality right area. This compensation takes the function of promoting social moral and maintaining the social harmony. Civil law countries and common law countries take different measures in the mental damage compensation litigations. Within the civil law countries, French establish it’s mental damage system centered on damage, while Germen establish it’s mental damage system centered on right, so French law puts less constraint on mental damage compensation. The mental damage compensation system in common law countries appears very strong case law characters. They divide the mental damage compensation into pure emotional distress and others, and they pay more attention to the pure emotional distress.The thesis demonstrates the legitimacy of mental damage in fact and value perspectives. According to the research of medicine and psychology, we have specific standard for judging mental disorders. Although the causes of mental disorders are a little complex, there are some rules about it. In judicial practice, judges often do not consider the specific physical and mental condition of victims themselves, and use the objective standard to judge mental damages and their causes.’eggshell skull’theory is also applicable in mental damage compensation. In value perspective, the thoughts humanism and natural philosophy are the theoretical source of personality right and mental damage compensation. Distributive justice and corrective justice theory provide the legitimacy for mental damage compensation.The function of mental damages compensation reflects the legitimacy of it in the most intuitive way. Property has a vital role for the construction of the human spirit world, ad this is the prerequisite for mental damage compensation to display it’s function. Generally speaking, compensation for mental damage has four functions, they are compensation, comfort, punishment (education) and adjustment. They appear differently in different cases. In judicial practice, mental damage compensation takes a lot functions beyond the system.更多还原