【作者】 史宝康；

【导师】 高闯；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 企业管理， 2010， 博士

【副题名】以辽宁高新技术企业为例

【摘要】 作为一种中间性组织形态,企业网络成为经济学和管理学研究的热点领域,这种全新的范式改变了企业理论、组织理论和战略管理等领域的研究视野。越来越多的学者开始关注网络企业竞争优势的产生机理和提升路径问题,企业网络已经成为当前理论界研究的热点。在理论研究领域,正由于实践中企业网络化已经成为提高企业竞争优势的重要机制和手段,学者们也在不同的理论背景下对企业网络的竞争能力进行深入的探讨。从理论角度来看,学者们强调企业内部资源对企业能力的提升,借鉴资源基础理论的分析方法和框架来解释“为什么企业会存在不同”和“为什么企业之间存在不同的绩效”这样的基本问题。资源基础理论探讨的是资源的性质和企业获取资源的战略要素市场的特点来解释企业的异质性和竞争优势的来源。传统的资源观中的资源具有有价值、稀缺性、难以模仿性和难以替代性特征,这种资源是基于所有权假设的前提下提出的,这就使我们理解企业带来竞争优势的资源应该在企业边界之内,然而,大量的实证研究表明,企业网络或者企业联盟中的资源要素对企业竞争优势产生重要的影响。特别是学者们对资源基础理论中资源三分法的质疑,存在于企业网络之中而在单个企业之外的网络资源对企业竞争优势具有明显的作用,这类资源并不为单个企业所有,且具有资源的一般特征,这不仅拓展了资源基础理论研究和应用范畴,而且还将一些产业因素纳入到企业资源理论的分析框架之中,在一定程度上弥补了资源理论对企业竞争优势影响的理论缺陷。另外,资源基础理论把企业及其能力看成是一种原子式的,假设能力的产生和发展是企业单独行动的结果,而不考虑企业与企业之间的社会关系和互动结果的影响,企业的资源选择和利用过程是根植于诸如企业传统、惯例、外部管制压力、行业规范等社会背景下的,这种社会背景对企业资源选择过程和持续竞争优势产生重要影响,如果仅仅从资源的特性和企业战略要素市场这一层面来探讨和解释企业的异质性,无法得到全面而深入的理论解释。特别是处于大规模制度转轨的发展中国家的企业,在这样一个特定的环境及其变化过程中,企业的战略行为和战略选择不仅仅像传统的战略研究所指出的那样单纯由产业条件和企业特定资源所驱动,而是战略决策者面对特定的不断演进的制度框架下各种正式、非正式条件的一种主动反应。本研究首先在对资源基础理论、制度基础理论、企业能力理论和企业网络理论的相关文献梳理和述评的基础上,发现现有研究存在以下几点不足之处:(1)资源基础理论对资源划分上存在缺陷;(2)传统的制度分析方法存在不足;(3)关于企业网络能力相关研究已形成一些研究成果,但是对企业网络能力的影响研究还比较少;(4)网络资源、制度环境和企业网络能力的关联研究缺乏统一的框架。传统的资源基础理论对企业资源的三分法在把企业作为基本竞争分析单元的理论研究是适用的,但对企业网络的解释力却大大降低。随着网络资源概念的提出,资源基础理论得以拓展。此外,从微观意义上的制度分析方法和战略管理研究的结合大大提高制度理论的价值。微观制度分析的意义在于将制度理论的核心原则和逻辑运用于组织分析,来探讨行动者通过主体实践意识和反思性行为在制度化过程中构建自己的目标和行动过程。考虑到网络资源的特性和企业所处的制度环境对组织战略行为的影响,在组织场域内,将资源基础理论和制度基础理论结合来考察两者对企业网络能力的影响,无疑在理论上是一种创新之举。本研究在现有研究的基础上,对网络资源、制度环境和企业网络能力进行更为深入的探讨,并划分出研究维度,尝试性地建立了企业竞争力“外生论”观点和“内生论”观点之间关联的理论模型,将网络资源要素、制度环境要素和企业网络能力纳入一个统一的分析框架中。接着,以辽宁高新技术企业为样本企业,针对网络资源要素、制度环境要素和企业网络能力要素的测度量表进行调查,运用SPSS16.0软件和Lisrel8.51软件对样本数据进行效度检验、信度检验和结构方程建模,以解决网络资源变量、制度环境变量和企业网络能力变量测量题项的准确性与一致性问题和观测样本数据与理论模型的拟合情况,来验证本文理论模型的有效性,发现组织场域内网络资源要素和制度环境要素对企业网络能力影响作用的特有研究结论。通过理论研究以及实证检验,本文得出以下基本结论:第一,网络资源要素在提升企业网络能力的过程中具有重要作用,企业应该构建自身的网络资源平台,借助网络资源要素来提升企业网络能力。第二,制度环境要素在提升企业网络能力过程中起到重要作用。第三,网络规划能力对网络操作能力产生正向影响。企业网络规划能力对网络操作能力的影响效果是显著的。第四,网络资源要素和制度环境要素可以分解出不同维度的具体要素,这些要素对企业网络能力产生作用的路径各不相同。本文共分为6章内容展开论述,具体如下:第一章绪论,旨在为本研究的展开奠定基础。首先阐述本文研究背景,并从理论和现实两方面论述了研究的目的和意义。然后,按照本文的研究设计,提出相应的研究方法和技术路线。最后,对本文的结构和内容等方面做出简要的介绍。第二章文献综述,首先阐述本研究的理论基础,分别对资源基础理论、制度基础理论、企业能力理论和企业网络理论等理论进行整理和归纳;其次,对网络资源相关研究成果、制度环境相关研究成果和企业网络能力相关研究成果进行综述;再次,分别从网络资源要素和制度环境要素两方面对企业网络能力的影响机理进行分析;最后,通过上述相关研究的回顾,对现有研究成果进行总体评价。第三章企业网络能力影响因素理论分析框架,为了深入研究各变量之间的作用关系,本章对各要素的内涵进行界定,划分各要素的维度,并提出基于网络资源和制度环境的企业网络能力分析框架。第四章实证研究,包括理论模型与研究假设、样本与数据收集、研究方法、数据分析和模型检验等部分,具体来说,包括各研究变量的设置、问卷设计与最终测量量表的确定、结构方程模型方法介绍与应用原理、数据分析、模型初始拟合情况与评价、模型的修正与确定等内容。第五章讨论。对检验结果进行讨论,这里对实证研究结果进行分析和探讨,并且针对采用结构方程模型方法对初始模型进行修正的解释说明,明确有关假设在理论上的贡献和实践上的意义。第六章结论与展望。对全文进行总结,提出本文研究的主要结论、创新点以及本文研究的不足和有待改进的地方,指出今后需进一步研究的方向,为学者们在本研究的基础上继续深入研究提供建议。网络资源观的兴起,实现企业竞争从单个企业之间的竞争转向企业网络之间的竞争。企业可以通过参与企业网络活动来获取资源,显然,网络资源具有与企业内部资源不同的特征,在企业网络提供额外的“关系租金”,有利于企业提升自身能力,获取超额利润。转型经济特有的制度背景下,市场结构不成熟,行为主体的行为发生变化,不同领域和产业的竞争态势受到不同质的制度环境所影响,表现出很大的差异性特征。针对这一问题,越来越多的学者们认识到制度因素在战略管理研究中的重要性,基于此,本文围绕企业网络中的网络资源要素和场域内的制度环境要素对企业网络能力的影响作用展开研究,旨在通过明晰网络资源和制度环境对企业网络能力的作用机制来丰富和完善企业竞争优势的理论研究,并为实践操作提供理论支撑。所以说,通过对组织场域内网络资源要素和制度环境要素对企业网络能力的影响研究,可以为网络中的企业发展战略提供实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a inter-firm organizations,enterprise network becomes hot research of Economics and Management .This new paradigm alters the research scope of Enterprises theory ,organization theory and the strategic management. More and more scholars are beginning to concern on the problems of the mechanism and promoting path of competitive advantage in enterprise network. Enterprise network has become the hot issue of the theoretical research. In the theoretical research field, scholars are studying competence of enterprise networks on the different theories background because the enterprise network has become the most important mechanisms and measures of enhancing advantage of enterprises competitive. Scholars have emphasized on internal resources for the promotion from the theoretical perspective and explain the basic problem using the Resource-based theory such as why there are different enterprises and why is enterprise between different performances.The Resource-based theory explains the heterogeneity and competitive advantage from the quality and enterprise get the resources of the strategic factors market.The resource in the traditional Resource-based theory is valuable,scarcitily,imitative and alternatively based on the ownership hypothesis.This should enable us to understand the resources of the competitive edge within the enterprise boundary.But, A great deal of research shows the resources in enterprise network or business alliances have important impact on competitive advantages. Especially scholars questioned the resources of trichotomy, there is a distinct role in enterprises competitive of the network resources which are in enterprise networks.This not only extend the scope of study and application of the Resource-based theory, but also bring the industry into the theory of enterprise resource factor analysis framework, this makes up for the defection of the Resource-based theory of enterprise competitiveness in a certain extent. The Resource-based theory considers enterprise and their ability as one kind of atom. But this assumes the creation and development of the ability is the result being that enterprise acts alone, and does not consider the human relations in society between enterprise and enterprise and interactive result effect, That chooses and makes use of process of the enterprise resource is that society background such as enterprise tradition , convention , the external pressure controlling , industry norm which is important effect of alternative enterprise resource process and sustained competitive edge creation. If only comed to discuss with the heterogeneity of enterprise from the resource characteristic property and the strategic factor markets, it has no way to get all-round but thorough theory face to face. Specially in the large-scale system switch of the developing country enterprise, in this kind of specific environment and in the change process, enterprise’s strategic behavior and the strategic choice not only looks like traditional the strategic studies institute to point out such purely actuates by the industrial condition and the enterprise specific resources, but is all kinds of formal and informal for an active response in the strategic policy-maker facing under the specific unceasing evolution system frame.This research which is on the teasing and commenting the Resource-based theory , institution-based theory, the enterprise competence theory and Enterprise’s Net Theory discovers several defects there existing the following in now available research:(1)there is defect which the Resource-based theory divides resource now;(2) The tradition institution analysis method exists deficiency; (3) The relevance studies of the enterprise’s network capacity already form a few,but, the studies of the effect to About that the enterprise network ability relevance studies the research results already forming a few, but the effect to the enterprise’s network capacity is fairly few; (4) correlation study of network resource,institutional environment and the enterprise network ability is insufficiency. The traditional the Resource-based theory which studies trichotomy of enterprise resource theory is suitable for use of being the element competing for analysis basically in enterprise, but explanatory power of enterprise network is much lower. With conceptual suggesting of network resource, the Resource-based theory can be opened up an exhibition. Besides, the union that upper institution analysis method and strategic management study improves value of institution theory from microcosmic significance. Significance of microcosmic institution analysis depends on principle and the logic apply institution theory to organization analysis , comes to discuss the person who acts structuring self target and process acting in the institutionalized process by the fact that the main body carrying out consciousness and rethinking behaviour profoundly. Consideration to the network resources and the business institutionalenvironment of organization strategy of action, the combining the Resource-based theory and institution-based theory to the influences the powers of the enterprise network is an innovation in theory. This research on the basis of existing research discusses network resource,institutional environment and the enterprise network ability for more in-depth, and genders dimension to set up enterprise competitiveness endogenous and exogenous theory of views between theoretical models among bringing the network resource,institutional environment and the enterprise network ability into a unified analytical framework. Subsequently it takes hi-tech enterprises in liaoning province for the samples to investigate specifically for network resource element,institutional environment element and the enterprise network ability element,applies spss 16.0 and Lisrel 8.51 to carrying out validity research,stability research and Structural Equation Modeling ,for solving the variables to measure the variables of the accuracy of observation and consistency and degree of fitting from the sample data and theoretical models to verify the theoretical models’validity.It find that in the organizational field network resources elements and institutional environment factors have a role for the enterprise network ability.By the theory research and empirical test this paper finds the following fundamental conclusion:(1) The network resource element has firstly the important effect in the process of lifting the enterprise network ability, enterprise ought to structure self’s network resource platform , draw support from the network resource element doing the lifting the enterprise network ability. The institutional environment t element plays an important role in the process of lifting the enterprise network ability.(3) The network planning ability has a notable forward direction effect on the network operating ability.(4) The network resource element and the institutional environment element can be a different dimension of specific elements,and these elements differ effect route from one another to the enterprise network ability.This article altogether divides into 6 chapters of contents to launch the elaboration which is specifically as follows:The first chapter is introductions which aims at studying for establish a basis including the foundation, theory significant, practical significance, research method, technology route, thesis structure and thesis content and so on.The second chapter is the review.The chapter sums up the Resource-based theory , institution-based theory, the enterprise competence theory and Enterprise’s Net Theory. Then reviews correlation theory and analysis respectively impact mechanism from the network resource element and institutional environment element to the enterprise network ability.Finally passing the retrospect that the above-mentioned relevance studies,the valuation carried out is available.The third chapter is constructing of analyzing frame based on network resource,institutional environment and the enterprise network ability.For deeply studying the effect between every variable,this article puts forward an analyzing frame based on network resource,institutional environment and the enterprise network ability. Then it carries out the boundary and the dimension of specific elements.The fourth chapter is empirical study including theory models and the hypotheses, sample and data collection, research technique, data analysis, model examination and so on.The fifth chapter is discussion. This discussion checks the result and explains explanation specifically for adopting structure equation model method to carry out amendment’s on initial mode.Then it makes the relevant hypothesis significance on theoretical contribution and practice clearly.The last chapter is conclusions and prospect.This chapter carries the main conclusions,innovation and deficiency of the thesis.And it points out the direction and provides suggestion for scholars in a deep-going way.Looking forward to the network resource view,the enterprise competition is from individual enterprise of competition to the competition between the enterprise network.Enterprise can come to gain resource by participating in the network activity of enterprise.It is apparent that the network resource has the characteristic different from internal resource of enterprise,and the network provides extra "relational rent " which is beneficial to lifting oneself ability and gain excess profit.Institutional transition shows very big difference characteristics such as immature market structure, the behavior of the main action to change and the different field and the estate competition situation accept what system environment affects in no same qualityMore and more scholars have recognized the importance of institution theory in strategic management.Therefore, this thesis studies network resource and institutional environment which is effected on the enterprise network ability around the enterprise network.Through it we can enrich the role of the mechanisms and improve enterprise competitiveness of theoretical research and provide support for the practice of theory.Therefore, there is a practical significance that in the organizational field network resources elements and institutional environment factors have a role for the enterprise network ability for enterprise development strategy.更多还原