【作者】 姜涛；

【导师】 吴效明；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 生物医学工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在大脑神经皮质功能区病变的的手术治疗中,皮质(运动区)功能定位可以实时确定大脑神经运动等脑功能区边界,帮助医生最大限度地切除病灶,同时尽可能地保护病灶周围的正常脑组织,避免神经功能损害,关系到患者术后的生存质量;因此,脑运动区功能定位研究具有明确的医学临床应用背景,对神经外科手术具有十分重大的应用意义。如何能在术中准确、快速、无创,甚至非唤醒状态下定位脑功能区是一直困扰临床和神经医学研究的基础理论问题,亟待解决。本论文以“通过脑运动区皮质脑电信号的特异性分析,实现人体神经系统大脑皮质运动区功能定位的临床应用”为目标,深入研究运动区皮质脑电信号的特异性及其处理技术,探讨皮质脑电用于术中脑运动区功能定位的原理和分析算法,为医学临床应用提供理论基础,从而实现准确、快速、无创的术中脑运动区功能定位。首先,根据脑(运动区)功能定位的应用和国内外研究现状,指出了目前脑(运动区)功能定位研究和应用中存在的问题;结合脑电信号处理技术研究现状,提出了皮质脑电小波分析用于术中脑运动区功能定位的新原理设想。其次,系统研究了大脑皮质的结构与功能分区,以及脑电信号的起源和特性。在此基础上,以运动区脑电的特异性为原理,结合小波变换,利用实验数据设计并验证了多种脑运动区特异性脑电的特征提取和分类算法。实验结果表明:基于mu节律的事件相关去同步化和同步化(ERD/ERS)原理,运动区脑电mu节律的特征提取和分类算法达到了93%的检出正确率;基于运动区慢皮层电位(SCP)的事件相关电位(ERP)特性原理,运动区慢皮层电位的特征提取和分类算法的检出正确率达到了84%;以单一模式的特征提取和分类算法为基础,以运动区脑电的特异性多模式为原理,多模式特征提取和分类算法的检出正确率达到了78%-100%。上述三种原理和分析算法具有实际应用的可行性,开拓了一项脑运动区功能定位的新原理和算法,为医学临床应用奠定了理论基础。最后,根据理论基础研究结果,本论文还首次提出和设计了基于mu节律和SCP的多模式脑运动区功能定位系统方案,研究结果表明:与现有方法比较,该系统的术中脑运动区功能定位具有更加准确、快速和无创的优点。为医学临床实际应用建立了技术框架。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the cortical eloquent surgery, mapping of motor cortex could real-time diagnosis the boundary of eloquent area such as brain neuromotor, which helped doctors resecting the lesions to maximum as well as protecting the normal brain tissues surrounding the lesions to maximum, and therefore could avoid the damage of neural function and improve quality of life in the postoperative patients. Based on its clinical demand background, the study on mapping of motor cortex had important application value of neurosurgical operations. Mapping of motor cortex under accurate, rapid, noninvasive, and even non-conscious conditions is a basic theoretical problem for clinical and neural medicine to resolve urgently.Aimed at clinical application of mapping of motor cortex by specific analysis of cortical electroencephalogram (ECoG), the ECoG specificity and its processing technology had been studied; the principles and algorithms of ECoG for mapping of motor cortex had been discussed, which could provide theoretical basis for clinical applications of mapping of motor cortex under accurate, rapid and noninvasive conditions during surgery.Firstly, the existing problem of mapping of motor cortex was presented according to the applications and recent progress of mapping of motor cortex; new principle conception for mapping of motor cortex using wavelet analysis of the ECoG during surgery were proposed combined with the recent progress in the Electroencephalogram (EEG) processing technology.Secondly, cortex and function division, in addition to origin and properties of EEG, had been studied systemically. On this basis, combined the principle of ECoG specificity with wavelet transform, the algorithms for feature extraction and classification of ECoG were designed and verified by experimental data. The results showed that, feature extraction and classification of mu rhythm on the basis of event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) was a feasible algorithm with detection and accuracy rate of 93%; feature extraction and classification of slow cortical potentials (SCP) on the basis of event related potentials (ERP) was a feasible algorithm with detection and accuracy rate of 83%. Based on the algorithm for single modal feature extraction and classification, the detection and accuracy rate of multi-modal feature extraction and classification of ECoG ranged from 78% to 100% according to the principle of ECoG multi-modal specificity. The above three principles and algorithms were feasible, which provided theoretical basis for clinical applications.Finally, multi-modal mapping system of motor cortex based on mμrhythm and SCP for clinic applications was first proposed and designed. The results showed that the multi-modal mapping system of motor cortex during surgery had advantages of accurate, rapid and noninvasive compared with currently used methods.更多还原