【作者】 李杰；

【导师】 沈模卫；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 基础心理学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 视觉客体的属性可分为表面特征属性和时空属性两大类。与之对应的视觉工作记忆也可以分为两个子系统,分别编码存储表面特征信息和时空信息。如何将这两类分离编码的信息整合成为统一的客体表征,是视觉工作记忆研究中需要解决的重要问题之一。本研究采用基于运动客体的视觉工作记忆研究范式,以表面特征信息与最基本的时空信息——位置信息之间的绑定为研究对象,通过三个部分的七个实验系统地探讨了视觉工作记忆中这两类信息之间的绑定机制以及影响绑定的因素。第一部分研究通过考察运动对表面特征与位置绑定的影响(实验1),运动状态下表面特征本身的加工记忆(实验2)以及多个客体时空属性的区分(实验3)探讨了表面特征与位置的绑定需要经历怎样的过程。第二部分研究以次任务范式,通过语音复述任务(实验4)或倒数任务(实验5)操作注意负荷水平,考察注意负荷对表面特征与位置绑定记忆的影响,探讨了注意在绑定过程中的作用。第三部分研究通过比较运动和静止状态下不同类型的特征与位置绑定记忆的绩效(实验6和实验7),考察了表面特征本身的类型对表面特征与位置绑定的影响。本研究得到以下主要结论：(1)运动不影响客体表面特征的编码存储,但会损害表面特征与位置绑定的巩固过程；(2)运动和静止状态下,客体表面特征与位置绑定对注意的依赖程度相当,即运动客体表面特征与位置绑定的更新无需额外注意资源参与；(3)客体表面特征类型影响特征与位置的绑定,运动对基本特征与位置的绑定的影响较小,而对细节特征与位置的绑定影响较大,即细节特征与位置的绑定更加依赖于巩固过程。基于本研究的实验结果,并结合前人的研究,笔者提出了表面特征与位置绑定的重入模型,尝试性地对运动和静止状态下两类信息的绑定机制做了统一解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 Properties of visual objects can be divided into featural properties and spatiotemporal properties. Correspondingly, visual working memory can be divided into two subsystems, which separately encode and maintain featural information and spatiotemporal information. How to integrate the two separate streams of information into unified object representation becomes a great challenge to visual working memory. The present study investigated the mechanism of binding between featural information and the basic spatiotemporal information-location information. The study mainly adopts the research paradigm of visual working memory basing on moving objects.The present study consists of three parts with seven experiments in total. In the first part, the author investigated the influence of motion on feature-location binding (Experiment 1), the memory of feature information under the dynamic condition (Experiment 2), and the distinction of multiple objects under the dynamic condition (Experiment 3). On the basis of these experiments, the author discussed whether there is a consolidation process in feature-location binding. In the second part, the author manipulated the attention level by adding demanding verbal rehearsal task (Experiment 4) or backward counting task (Experiment 5) as a secondary task to the binding task, so as to investigate the role of attention in the feature-location binding in visual working memory. In the third part, the author investigated the influence of feature type on feature-location binding, through comparing the memory performance of binding between location and different types of feature under the dynamic and static conditions (Experiment 6 & Experiment 7).The main findings of this study are as follows:(1) Motion does not influence the encoding and maintenance of feature, but weakens the binding between feature and location, indicating that motion impairs the consolidation process in feature-location binding.(2) The feature-location bindings under the dynamic and static conditions are equally impaired by the attention-demanding task, indicating that attention plays the same role in the binding under the two states. (3) The type of features influences feature-location binding. The binding between detailed feature and location is more severely impaired by motion, compared with the binding between basic feature and location, suggesting that the binding between detailed feature and location depends more heavily on consolidation process.On the basis of the findings of the present study and previous research, the author proposed a reentry model of feature-location, which explains the binding between location and different types of feature under both dynamic and static states in a unified theoretical framework.更多还原