国际合作背景下的西部地区区域旅游合作模式与路径研究

【作者】 陈实；

【导师】 李树民；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 世界经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 以经济全球化为基础的区域经济一体化是当今世界经济发展的主要趋势之一。区域经济一体化能够降低区域间与区域内的成本、提高资源的配置效率,从而促进区域经济的发展。西部地区是我国经济相对落后的区域,提升西部的经济实力,缩小与东部地区的差距是我国国民经济发展的必由之路。旅游产业作为西部地区提升地区经济的主要途径,在西部地区各省的经济发展中占据重要地位,因此大部分的西部省份都将旅游业作为本区的主导或先导产业,旅游产业取得了一定的成绩。但是另一方面,由于西部地区物质资本和人力资本的相对匮乏,经济社会发展相对落后和旅游企业的小、散、弱、差未能将西部地区的旅游资源优势发挥出来。因此在区域合作意义上通过价值链重构进一步提高西部旅游产业的竞争优势是西部各省区实现旅游产业发展战略、提高西部旅游产业整体素质的必然选择。西部地区区域旅游合作的路径选择研究的背景是国际区域经济一体化和区域旅游合作,基本思路是分析区域旅游合作的动力机制、具体的合作模式和合作的路径。区域经济理论是研究区域旅游合作的逻辑起点;博弈论思想是研究区域旅游合作动力机制的主要工具;价值链理论强调旅游竞争已经从传统的竞争模式上升为知识与信息的竞争、价值的竞争和整体价值产业链的竞争,因此西部地区要提升旅游产业竞争力就必须从价值链角度重新从企业层面、行业层面、产业层面和虚拟层面审视区域旅游合作;政府和企业在西部区域旅游合作中的行为的理论支撑是市场失灵和政府失灵理论。区域旅游合作会形成具有系统性、互利性和竞合性特征的区域旅游合作组织,对区域旅游合作组织租金的追求是区域旅游合作的根本动力。区域旅游合作的收益大于不合作时的收益是区域旅游合作主体产生合作行为的主要动力。西部地区为了追求产业竞争力的提高已经重新构建区域旅游合作行为,但是当前,西部地区旅游合作很多问题:表现为合作力度较小,合作空间狭隘;旅游精品分割现象严重,整体合作意识不强;产品结构单一、参与性较差、回头率低。之所以会存在这些问题,主要原因是西部地区旅游资源与旅游产业发展的不相称和旅游主体行为的错位与缺位。区域旅游合作的模式从产业组织视角主要包括政府主导企业参与型模式和企业主导政府服务型模式。从要素组合角度研究主要有资源共享型合作模式、资源互补型合作模式和资源拉动型合作模式。根据西部地区的特点当前选择的主要合作模式是以政府主导企业参与型的资源互补型合作模式。在界定了国际化背景下的西部地区区域旅游合作的路径选择概念之后,提出了西部地区国际区域旅游合作的可行性和必然性。在国际化背景下,西部地区的区域旅游合作路径选择的前提是明确合作主体和组建跨区域的旅游协调机构。具体的合作路径表现为作为管理主体的政府应实现适度的规划对接、真正的制度对接和高效的组织对接。作为市场主体的旅游企业应构建跨地域市场化的旅游企业集团、构建跨地域企业间市场合作平台和构建跨地域虚拟化电子商务平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the world today it is one of the main trends of economic development that the regional economic integration based on the economic globalization. Regional economic integration can reduce inter-regional and outer-regional costs; improve resource allocation efficiency, which can promote regional economic development. In China, the western region’s economy is relatively backward than that of Eastern region. It is the only way to improve China’s national economic development that to enhance the western region’s economic strength to narrow the gap with the East’s. Tourism industry is the main way to enhance the regional in the western region and is an important position in the western provinces’ economic development. Therefore most of the western provinces can be the tourism as the district or the leading industry, which have made certain achievements in tourism. On the other hand, it unable to exploit the advantages of tourism resources due to the scarce of the physical capital and human capital, relatively backward in economic and social development and small, scattered, weak and poor of tourism enterprises. Therefore, it is an inevitable choice of achieving the tourism industry development strategy and enhancing the overall quality of the tourism industry in western that reconstruction of the value chain in the sense of regional cooperation and further enhancing the competitive advantage of the western tourism industry in the western provinces and autonomous regions.The background of the paper is international regional economic integration and regional cooperation in tourism. The basic idea is to analyze the dynamic mechanism of regional cooperation in tourism, the specific modes of cooperation and co-operation path. The logical starting point of regional tourism integration is the regional economic theory. The game theory is the main tools to research the dynamic mechanism of regional cooperation. The value chain theory emphasizes on the competition in tourism from the traditional mode of competition to the competition for knowledge and information, the value of competition and the whole value chain of the competition. Therefore if western region want to enhance the competitiveness of the tourism industry, they must renew the regional tourism cooperation from the value chain of enterprise level, industry level and virtual level. The supporting theory of that the behavior of the government and enterprises in the western regional tourism cooperation is the market failure theory and government failure theory.It can form the regional tourism cooperation organization of systematic, mutually beneficial and competing characteristics. To pursuit the organizational rent is the fundamental driving force to regional tourism cooperation. It is the main driving force that the revenue of regional cooperation is greater than that of the non-cooperation. In fact, the western region has been cooperative with each other in order to pursue the improvement of industrial competitiveness. However, there are many problems in cooperation. They are: the cooperation is too narrow; tourist products divide rampant; the products are single structure. The main reasons are disproportionate between tourism resources and the development of tourism industry and the dislocation of government and vacancy of the enterprises.The model of regional cooperation include the mode of government-led enterprises-participate and the mode of corporate-led government-service-oriented from the perspective of industrial organization. It also includes the mode of sharing resources cooperation, the mode of complementary resources cooperation and the mode of resource-pull cooperation. The western can select the right one according to the characteristics of the western region, that is the mode of government-led and enterprises-participate.After clearing the main of western tourism cooperation and building a cross-regional coordinating body for tourism, the path in western regional cooperation is two. First, the government should achieve an appropriate docking system; transform to a real and efficient organization as the management entities. Tourism enterprises should build the enterprise group of cross-regional tourism market; enterprises market of cross-boundary and the virtualization platform of cross-regional e-commerce as market entities.更多还原