【作者】 曹昭；

【导师】 陈新汉；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2009， 博士

【副题名】关于山东省平陵村的个案分析

【摘要】 我国家庭社会学界很早就对养老问题给予了关注和研究,这些家庭社会学的研究主要从代际关系、家庭规模、家庭结构等角度对老年人生活的现状、成因、变动趋势进行了一定的探讨与描述。但是,一方面,这些研究往往是针对一般的老年人,而没有对农村老年人这个特殊群体给予特殊的研究与描述。而且,以往关于老年人赡养问题的研究也主要是从家庭关系的角度对老年人的家庭地位进行了一些初步探讨或者以定量研究为手段对代际之间的经济交换进行分析,缺乏对老年人内心世界、思想观念和具体行动的详细描述。另一方面,这些研究也没有指出家庭结构、家庭规模、家庭关系的改变对传统养老模式提出的挑战,以及这些挑战给老年人生活带来的具体影响。在笔者看来,近年来,随着经济、政治体制的改革,我国的社会结构以及社会生活的方方面面发生了巨大的变革,这些变革必然引起人们的日常行为和价值观念的变迁,从而使人与人之间、家庭成员之间的互动关系,特别是老年人与下一代之间的代际关系发生巨大变动,这些变动使老年人在我们当今的社会中处于一种不利地位,他们的物质生活和精神生活面临着一些急需解决的问题。而农村老年人由于特殊的社会原因和自身条件比城市老年人的处境更加不利,他们可以说是当今社会急需给予充分关注的弱势群体。通过一些调查和耳闻目睹的事件,作者深切地感受到农村老年人生活的艰辛,并对形成这种状况的原因进行了反思。通过反思和详细的实证研究,笔者感到农村老年人生活处于非常困难的境地,之所以出现这种状况不仅与老年人自身的条件又关,也有着深刻的社会、经济、文化等方面的背景因素。这些因素包括:传统文化的影响、经济水平的低下、青年人个人自主权利的上升、公共制度的缺失等。社会、经济、文化条件的变迁使传统的“反哺”式的养老模式面临着挑战,“反哺”式的养老模式以老年人对家庭财产的占有、控制和传统的家庭伦理为前提条件,在当今社会发生巨大变革的条件下,这两个条件正在逐步消失,但是,我国当前还不具备西方“接力”式养老模式所需要的经济、文化条件。这必然使我国大部分地区,特别是农村的养老模式处于一种“断裂”或“过渡”状态,从而使老年人的赡养问题面临着一些现实困难。为了揭示在农村,特别是落后农村,传统养老模式面临的挑战以及老年人赡养过程中存在的问题以及形成这些问题的具体原因,从而使我们更好地了解农村老年人的物质生活、精神生活,笔者主要对农村土地制度的变革、劳动力流动以及家庭结构的变化、婚姻关系和文化价值观念的变化对农村家庭养老造成的影响进行了论述。在本文中,笔者不仅从宏观的社会、经济和文化生活层次探讨这一问题,也结合个人思想和行为方式的变革来研究,也就是说,笔者非常注重个人的情感、欲望、隐私、亲密关系等因素的变革给现代农村家庭和老年人赡养带来的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many researches on family support of old age had been made in the field of sociology in our country. These researches described the current situation of the life of the old age and explored its cause and change tendency.Most scholars studied the old age both in rural areas and cities,but they did not put emphasis on the old age in rural areas. Furthermore, the researches on family support of old age studied the family status of the old by analysing the family relationships. These researches did not describe the inward world and daily life of the old in detail. On the other hand, these researches did not point out the challenges made by the change of family structure,family scale and family relationships as well as the effect of the challenges.In my opinion,with the transformation of economic and political system, great changes have taken place in social structure and all aspects of social life. These changes caused the transformation of the local life and value orientation of different people. Thus, the interaction between diffferent persons ,especialy the interaction between the old and the next generation also changed much. The change made the old in a inferrior position,which caused some difficulties in their life. The old in rural areas are in a weaker position than those in cities because of special social reasons and their own conditions. To some extent,they can be treated as a certain disadvantaged group that is in great need of full attention. Through a number of surveys and case ,the author felt the hardships of life of the old in rural areas and reflected the reasons for this situation. By reflection and detailed empirical research, the author found that the life of the old in rural areas was in a serious situation.The situation has arisen not only with the old people’s terms and conditions that are related,but also with profound social, economic and cultural background factors, these factors include: the impact of traditional culture,the low economic level, the rising of the right for indiviual autonomy, the increase in public system deficiency,and so on.The change of the social , economic and cultural conditions made the traditional“feedback”type old-age model facing with many challenges. The“feedback”type old-age model based on the possession and control of the family property and the traditional family ethics. With the great changes of society these two conditions are gradually disappearing, but in our country we do not have the necessary economic and cultural conditions for the wetern“relay”style old-age model. This made the family support of old-age facing with some difficulties.In order to reveal in the rural aeras,particularly backward rural areas, the challenges that facing with the traditional“feedback”type old-age model,which can enable us to better understand the material and spiritual life of the rural elderly ,the author mainly discussed the impact on family support of old age that made by the changes of the rural land management system,labour mobility ,as well as the changes in family structure ,matital relations and cultural values.In this article, the author explored this question not only beginning with macro social, economic and cultural life ,but also combining the changes of the individual thought and behavior patterns.更多还原