【作者】 白文峰；

【导师】 张建华；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 精密和超精密机械加工技术的发展和进步对机械加工设备加工精度的要求越来越高,机械基础件的材料对机械设备的性能特别是加工精度影响很大,研究开发新型的机械基础件材料是提高机械加工设备综合性能的有效手段之一。聚合物混凝土(Polymer Concrete,简称PC)具有良好的阻尼减振性能,用于制作机械基础件可以有效地提高机械加工设备的加工精度,受到了广泛关注。本文首次将玻璃纤维和碳纤维应用到聚合物混凝土中,开发出可用作机械基础件材料的玻璃纤维增强聚合物混凝土(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete,简称GFRPC)和碳纤维增强聚合物混凝土(Carbon Fiber Reinforced PolymerConcrete,简称CFRPC),统称为纤维增强聚合物混凝土(Fiber Reinforced PolymerConcrete,简称FRPC)。本文对纤维增强聚合物混凝土的组分特性、制作工艺、界面作用机理、阻尼减振机理和力学性能等方面的作用机理进行了系统研究,提出了适用于纤维增强聚合物混凝土的制作工艺;研究了纤维增强聚合物混凝土各相成分之间的界面作用机理,建立了界面结合的化学模型和物理模型;分析了纤维增强聚合物混凝土的阻尼减振机理,提出了其阻尼损耗因子和阻尼比的计算模型;研究了纤维增强聚合物混凝土中各相组分的用量和工艺等因素对其力学性能的影响,为优化纤维增强聚合物混凝土的配比、提高复合材料的性能提供了依据。原材料是决定纤维增强聚合物混凝土性能的重要因素,本文系统研究了纤维增强聚合物混凝土各原材料组分的物理和化学特性,选定环氧树脂作为粘结剂并确定了所需的固化剂、稀释剂、增韧剂等处理剂,详述了环氧树脂在固化剂作用下的固化机理,介绍了纤维增强聚合物混凝土中所需骨料和增强纤维的性能要求和特性。在理论分析的基础上,试验研究了纤维增强聚合物混凝土的制作工艺,制定了适合本文所选原材料的生产制作工艺流程。详细介绍了增强纤维的表面处理、纤维增强聚合物混凝土的成型工艺、半成品的养护工艺、脱模剂的选择、纤维增强聚合物混凝土机械基础件的设计原则以及产品的后续加工工艺等,建立了纤维增强聚合物混凝土从原材料预处理、复合材料的制备到产品结构设计和生产全过程的工艺流程体系。分析了纤维增强聚合物混凝土的界面作用机理,建立了增强纤维与环氧树脂基体之间的化学键连接模型,以及花岗岩骨料颗粒与环氧树脂基体之间界面的物理作用模型。增强纤维表面处理后会在表面生成一些活性基团,这些基团可以与环氧树脂基体中的环氧基等活性基团发生化学反应,生成键能较大的化学键,使环氧树脂基体与增强纤维结合为一个整体。花岗岩骨料与环氧树脂基体之间的作用力有液体对固体的表面浸润作用以及固化后的环氧树脂基体与花岗岩骨料之间的机械锁结作用,两相之间通过物质的界面能、分子间相互吸附作用的范德华力和机械作用力实现界面结合。研究了纤维增强复合材料的阻尼减振机理,分析了纤维增强聚合物混凝土阻尼性能的主要来源和影响因素,提出了纤维增强聚合物混凝土的阻尼损耗因子和阻尼比计算模型。纤维增强聚合物阻尼的主要来源是复合材料的基体,包括环氧树脂基体、花岗岩骨料颗粒和增强纤维本身的阻尼,其它因素引起的阻尼(界面阻尼、热弹性阻尼、粘塑性阻尼和材料破坏引起的阻尼等)对复合材料的阻尼性能也有一定影响。设计了两组正交试验研究纤维增强聚合物混凝土的各种组分的用量和配比以及不同的纤维种类对其阻尼性能的影响,得出了不同因素对复合材料阻尼性能的影响规律。通过正交试验研究了原料配比等因素对纤维增强聚合物混凝土力学性能的影响(以抗压强度为衡量指标),得到了各因素对复合材料力学性能的影响规律,可以作为优化纤维增强聚合物混凝土原料配比的依据。正交试验研究了玻璃纤维增强聚合物混凝土和碳纤维增强聚合物混凝土的力学性能差异,以及增强纤维的长度和用量对复合材料力学性能的影响。由于碳纤维的力学性能优于玻璃纤维,在聚合物混凝土基体中可以承受更大的应力作用,对聚合物混凝土的增强效果优于玻璃纤维。对纤维增强聚合物混凝土机械基础件的动态性能进行了计算机仿真,并与灰铸铁基础件进行了比较,结果证明纤维增强聚合物混凝土具有更好的效果,是精密机械加工设备的理想基础件材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development and rapid progress of precision and high-precision machining technology expect machine tools to provide higher machining precision. The structural materials for elementary machine parts have enormous influence on the machine tools’ properties, especially machining precision. To explore new types of materials for elementary machine parts is one of the most effective ways to improve the over-all properties of the machine tools. As far as vibration alleviating properties is concerned, Polymer Concrete (abbreviated as PC) is favorable. Machining precision would be improved significantly if elementary machine parts are made of polymer concrete. Therefore, polymer concrete has attracted extensive attention from the researchers in the relevant field.In this thesis, glass fiber and carbon fiber are applied in polymer concrete for the first time. Glass fiber reinforced polymer concrete (abbreviated as GFRPC) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer concrete (abbreviated as CFRPC) are developed and applied as elementary machine parts. Polymer concrete reinforced with glass fiber or carbon fiber could also be referred as fiber reinforced polymer concrete (abbreviated as FRPC).Systematical studies were carried out for the mechanisms of fiber reinforced polymer concrete, such as components’ characteristics, forming processes, interface action mechanism, damping mechanism and mechanical properties, etc, meanwhile, a proper forming and production process for fiber reinforced polymer concrete is proposed. Interface mechanism among the components is analyzed, chemical model and physical model about the interfacial bonding were built based on the analysis. Damping and vibration alleviating properties of fiber reinforced polymer concrete were also analyzed, meanwhile, calculation models about damping loss factor and damping ratio were created. How the factors such as proportion of the components and forming process affect mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer concrete is studied, which provides basis for the optimization of the components’ proportions and improvement of the composite’s properties.Raw materials are important factors that determine properties of fiber reinforced polymer concrete. Physical and chemical properties of the raw materials for fiber reinforced polymer concrete were studied in this thesis. Epoxy resin was selected as binder and corresponding stabilizer, flexibilizer and other relevant agents were determined. Solidification mechanisms of epoxy resin under the presence of stabilizers is described in details. Requirements for aggregate frameworks and strengthening fibers as well as the ones used frequently were introduced, also, the proper components were determined.On the basis of theoretical analysis, production process of fiber reinforced polymer concrete of fiber reinforced polymer concrete was studied through experiments. The following processes were described in details: surface treatment of strengthening fibers, forming process of fiber reinforced polymer concrete, maintenance of the semi-finished products, choice of the mold releasing agent, designing principles of elementary machine parts made of fiber reinforced polymer concrete, as well as the consequent machining processes of finished products. A technological process system for fiber reinforced polymer concrete is established, which covers the scope from the treatment of raw materials to production of the materials and the designing of product structures.The interfacial action mechanism of fiber reinforced polymer concrete was studied. A model about the chemical bonds between strengthening fibers and epoxy resin matrix, as well as another model about the interface physical actions between granite aggregates and epoxy resin matrix were created. Some active radicels formed on the surface of strengthening fibers, which could react with epoxy radicels or any other radicels inside epoxy resin matrix. Chemical bonds could be built after the reactions between strengthening fibers and epoxy resin matrix, which would make them as a whole with the high chemical bond energy. Interface between granite aggregates and epoxy resin matrix is built through the surface soakage between liquids and solids, as well as the mechanical keying actions between granite aggregates and solidified epoxy resin matrix. Interfacial combination between the two phases is realized by interface energy, the Van Der Walls’ force among molecules and mechanical interactions.The damping and vibration alleviating mechanisms of fiber reinforced composites were studied, also, the main source and influencing factors for the damping properties of fiber reinforced polymer concrete were analyzed. Calculation models for damping loss factor and damping ratio were presented. The main source for the damping properties of fiber reinforced polymer concrete comes from damping of the composite matrix, including epoxy resin matrix, granite aggregates and strengthening fibers. Damping caused by other factors (interface damping, thermo-elasticity damping, viscoelasticity damping and damping caused by the material rupture) also has some influences on damping properties of the composites. Two groups of orthogonal tests were designed to review how the components’ proportions fiber type affect the composite’s damping properties. Trend curves which show how the different factors affect damping properties of the composite were obtained on the basis of the experimental results.How the components’ proportions affect mechanical properties (taking compression strength as the judging index) of fiber reinforced polymer concrete was studied through orthogonal tests. Trend curves which show how experimental factors affect mechanical properties of the composite would be obtained on basis of the analysis of experimental results. Then the affection of the factors on the mechanical properties of the composite was obtained based on the curves, which could be applied to determine the components’ proportions. The differences between mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer concrete and carbon fiber reinforced polymer concrete, as well as the effect of fiber length and fiber dosage on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer concrete was studied through another series of orthogonal tests. The strength of carbon fiber is better than that of glass fiber, so that it could bear more stress inside the composite matrix, as a result, the strengthening effect of carbon fiber in polymer concrete matrix is better than that of glass fiber.更多还原