【作者】 李军；

【导师】 沈蕴芬； 陶涛；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 市政工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 交替式活性污泥反应器工艺是一种自主研发，具有自主知识产权，创新的污水处理工艺。它是SBR（Sequencing Batch Reactor）工艺的一种改进工艺，它继承了SBR工艺的许多优点，同时克服了SBR工艺的一些缺点。它是一种交替的曝气和沉淀一体化活性污泥工艺，具有结构紧凑、占地少、容积利用率高、自动化程度高、运行方式灵活、耐冲击负荷、污泥沉降性能好、能连续运行等许多优点。本论文以武汉市经济开发区的市政废水为处理对象，对该新工艺进行了全面的研究。为了深入研究，做了小试和中试两套试验装置，小试规模为0.5 m³／d，中试规模为500 m³／d。在小试的装置中，研究了该反应器的脱氮除磷的效果和流态特征。在中试的装置中，研究了活性污泥的培养和驯化方法，研究了该反应器的除磷效果和除磷机理，研究了该反应器的脱氮效果。在小试和中试的试验中，还提出了一种新的测定化学需氧量（COD）的方法和快速测定污泥浓度（MLSS）的方法。在试验数据的基础上，通过理论分析，提出了磷的去除主要机理是微生物的增殖，而不是传统的聚磷菌机理。试验结果表明：反应器能在较短的时间内调试成功；该工艺能高效去除城市污水中的氮、磷等有机污染物；出水COD、NH₄^--N、TN及TP浓度等所有指标均可达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）的一级B排放标准。试验结果表明：啤酒厂的剩余污泥完全可以作为低浓度城市污水处理厂的接种污泥使用，而且培养时间短，出水效果好。使用自配试剂代替HACH试剂和标准方法的COD测定方法，具有药剂用量减少、成本便宜和准确性高等优点。通过使用MATLAB计算机语言编程计算得到的污泥浓度公式，准确性高，适用范围广，但公式难记；通过人工统计方法得到的污泥浓度公式，准确性能满足生产的需要，易记好用；所得到的公式均缩短了检测污泥浓度时间。通过反应器的流态特征研究，以NaCl为示踪剂，得到了相应的示踪剂浓度曲线，通过使用数学方法统计之后，证明该反应器是一种高效的生物反应器，以及获得改善水力条件的方法。通过对反应器的除磷效果的研究，发现污泥浓度增长100 mg／L能去除将近1 mg／L TP；发现随着污泥浓度增长速率的增加，除磷效率相应提高；当污泥浓度的增长速率增加到每天500 mg／L时，磷的去除率将高于90％，并且出水TP浓度将低于1 mg／L；发现每天排放的剩余污泥量可以根据进水TP浓度来决定；发现最佳好氧与厌氧时间比T_O／A是0.5；溶解氧冲击指数DO_I被首次提出，作为分析溶解氧DO影响的指标。通过对反应器的脱氮研究，发现该反应器的NH₄^--N去除率非常高，发现进水NH₄^--N／TN的百分比值基本上与总氮的去除率一致，脱氮的效果基本取决于进水氨的浓度，最佳的TN的去除效率能通过进水的NH₄^--N／TN比例来判断。更多还原

【Abstract】 A modified type of SBR process, called alternated activated sludge sequencing reactor, has been suggested in the thesis. It is an integrated activated sludge bioreactor with intermittent areation, compact structure, less area, high automatization, and flexible operational mode. It can also sustain impact load.The municipal wastewater from Wuhan Economical Development Zone was treated in the reactors. These experiments of the bench and pilot scale were carried out in two reactors. The reactor of bench scale can treat the wastewater for 0.5 m³ /d. The reactor of pilot scale can do for 500 m³/d. The nitrogen and phosphorus removals were studied in the reactor of the pilot scale. Flow pattern of this reactor was tested in the reactor of the bench scale. A method of cultivation and domestication of activated sludge was researched in the bench scale reactor. Phosphorus removal mechanism was analysed. In addition, a new method of determination of COD was suggested, and a rapid method of determination of MLSS concentration was obtained. This thesis demonstrates the phosphorus removal mainly relies on microorganism growth other than the accumulated phosphorus organiams （PAOs）. This is a new finding.The experiment results show the reactor can be restarted and operated successfully when deterwater sludge from beer wastewater treatment plant was added as the originated sludge in a short time. The experiment results demonstrate that this process can remove nitrogen and phosphorus effectively from the wastewater. The effluent COD, NH₄^--N, TN and TP concentrations can meet the B grade in the first grade of the criterion of of the national discharging limits （GB18918—2002）.The experiment results also demonstrate the deterwater sludge from beer wastewater treatment plant can be used as the originated sludge to cultivate the activated sludge in wastewater treatment plant. It needs short time for the cultivation and the certified effluent. The method of determination of COD using home-made reagents show many advantages such as less reagents, low cost, high accuracy and precision. The MLSS equation obtained by the experiment show many advantages for example real convenience, high precision and short time of determination. The MLSS equation obtained by MATLAB procedure is difficult to be reminded. The MLSS equation obtained by man-maded statistical way can be reminded easily and used in the practical work. Its accuracy and precision can be mitted for the determination of the practical work. NaCl was used as tracer. The 3 E（t） profiles were obtained by 3 experiments. The flow pattern characteristic of the reactor show the reactor is high efficiency. In the meantime the optimal hydraulic condition is obtained after the experimental data are analyzed by the mathematically statistic method. The phosphorus removal experiment implies the increasing 100 mg/L MLSS concentrations can remove about 1 mg/L TP. The phosphorus removal efficiency can be improved by the increasing rate of MLSS concentrations. When everyday increasing rate of MLSS concentrations are about 500mg/L, the phosphorus removal efficiency would higher than 90%, effluent TP would be lower than 1 mg/L. When MLSS concentrations are fluctuating, effluent phosphorus would fluctuate correspondingly. Everyday the amount of discharging excess sludge can be prejudged by the amount of influent TP. The nitrogen removal experiment implies that the nitrogen removal efficiency is very high. The ratio of NH₄^--N/TN is approximately equal to the ratio of TN removal. TN removal efficiency is mainly affected by the influent NH₄^--N concentration, and the optimal TN removal efficiency can be prejudged by the ratio of influent NH₄^--N/TN.更多还原