【作者】 季文；

【导师】 褚保金；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2008， 博士

【副题名】以南京为例

【摘要】 农民工城市融合问题是当前社会发展的一个重要问题。农民工的城市融合是一个过程,主要指农民工群体融入城市社会,并逐步与城市居民与城市社会融为一体的过程。这一过程分为两个阶段,分别为:转移和融入。农民工的城市转移和城市融入构成了农民工的城市融合。本论文选择从社会资本的角度来研究农民工的城市社会融合问题。以往的研究。绝大多数从农民工个体社会资本的角度,亦即微观社会资本的角度加以研究。这种研究忽视了制度,组织以及文化等多种要素。本文的研究不仅从农民工微观社会资本对农民工城市融合进行研究,还试图将宏观社会资本、中观社会资本纳入考察范畴。建构一个具有中国本土特色的农民工社会资本的理论框架,去研究当前农民工城市融合这一问题。借鉴社会资本理论和社会网络最新研究成果,结合转型时期中国的实际,本论文认为:主流经济学倡导的经济理性分析方法具有一定的局限性。在研究方法上确定了采用社会资本的这一研究工具对本论文的主题进行研究,并设定了基本假设,即个人的社会行动是受到社会关系与社会结构的影响。在此基础上,论文界定了社会资本的基本内涵,即社会资本是嵌入在个人关系网络和社会结构中的资源。本论文主要研究内容包括以下三个方面:第一,通过对传统中国社会基本特征和转型时期中国社会特征的分析。指出了社会资本是嵌入于社会网络和社会结构之中的资源,并受到距离、互动和规范三个基本要素的影响。论文分析了传统中国社会和转型时期的微观、中观和宏观的社会构成以及社会资本形成的基础,为构建城市农民工的社会资本理论框架奠定历史与现实基础,论文搭建了一个包含宏观、中观和微观社会资本的社会资本理论框架。论文重点分析了农民工进入城市以后的社会资本构建和社会资本的作用。认为:农民工的微观社会资本主要受地理距离和社会距离的影响,不同的距离产生导致不同的互动条件,进而影响社会网络形成。农民工的中观社会资本主要是嵌入在组织中的资源。社会距离是形成互动的条件,农民工通过工作组织能够建构有利于个人行动的社会资本。工作单位的地位和工作岗位的地位是影响农民工城市融入的重要因素。非正式组织也是农民工社会资本形成的重要影响因素,也对农民工的城市融入产生正向作用。农民工的宏观社会资本主要受到行政体制、地理地域和地域文化因素的影响。农民工的转移是从较低的行政层级区域向较高的行政层级区域流动,并且倾向于在行政区划内流动。农民工的转移是在相邻的地理区域之间的流动。农民工的转移是在相通的文化区域间的流动。是以论文研究得出,宏观社会资本制约和影响着农民工的城市转移,中观社会资本影响者农民工的城市融合,而微观社会资本则对城市转移和城市融合均发生作用。据于此,我们提出了理论模型和一系列研究假设。第二、本研究采用问卷调查的方法,以南京为调查地,在城中和城郊结合部调查了650名农民工。调查问卷一方面借鉴了国内外较为成熟的测量社会资本状况的经验。另一方面,根据本研究对社会资本理论框架的补充和丰富,加入了宏观社会资本和中观社会资本的相关内容,并对这些被调查的农民工社会资本状况进行了统计分析。第三,我们对农民工社会资本对城市融合的影响进行了实证检验。实证研究主要检验了三类假设:一是宏观社会资本对农民工城市转移的影响:二是中观社会资本对城市融入的影响:三是微观社会资本对城市转移和融入的影响。实证研究表明:在宏观社会资本方面,农村劳动力流出地的行政区划和行政层次对流入地具有明显影响。同省同市的农村劳动力转移优势最为明显,同省不同市次之,不同省不同市难度最大。流出地和流入地距离也对农村劳动力城市转移具有影响,距离越近,两地之间的互动越多,社会资本越多,越有利于农村劳动力的城市转移,反之,越不利于城市转移。文化的物质表征——语言也对农村劳动力城市转移具有正向影响。在中观社会资本方面,农民工进入的工作单位地位、工作岗位地位以及参加社会团体状况与城市融入具有明显的促进作用。研究表明:农民工的工作单位地位对其融入城市社会具有一定的支持作用,其中工作单位地位对农民工的受尊重程度和城市生活满意度的影响是显著的,但是对城市交往融洽度的影响并不显著。农民工的工作岗位地位对其城市融入具有正向影响,其中工作岗位对农民工的城市交往融洽程度和城市生活满意度具有明显影响,但在受尊重程度上影响不明显。而经历工作单位的多少与居住地距离城市中心的远近对农民工城市融入起到积极作用这一假设没有得到实证的支持。论文对此进行了可能性解释。在微观社会资本方面,农民工拥有的新型社会资本越多越能融入城市社会。农民工的新型社会资本对其单位地位具有显著相关性,对其工作岗位也具有明显影响。同时人力资本对农民工的城市融入具有显著影响。本论文借助于社会资本这一分析工具,研究展示了转型时期中国一个特殊群体——农民工城市融合的过程。通过构建一个本土化的社会资本理论模型,来解释影响农民工的城市融合的多种因素,了解社会资本对农民工城市融合这一“世纪难题”的影响,进而制定相关政策,有利于加快推进农民工的城市化进程,进而推动中国现代化的历史进程。促使“乡土中国”向“现代中国”转型。更多还原

【Abstract】 City integration of migrant rural workers is an importment issue in the current social development of China.City integration of migrant rural workers in this paper is defined as a process,in which migrant rural workers as a group migrate to cities and gradually integrate into urban society.This process can be divided into two stages,namely migration and integration.This paper intends to study city integration of migrant rural workers with social capital perspective.Most of previous studies in this area take the perspective of micro-social capital,which results in neglect of such factors as institions,organizations, and culture.This paper takes institution- and organization-related factors into consideration, well complementing the current literature.Based on the recent development in social capity and social network theory and the transformational conditions in China,this paper argues that the economic rational analysis methodology recommended by mainstream economists does not apply here,while the analytic tools in the social capital area may be more suitable.After putting forward the proposition that individuals’ social action is subject to social relations and social structure, this paper defines the concept of social capital.In detail,the main contents of this paper are as follows.~c irstly,based on analysis of the traditional and transformational Chinese society,this paper argues that social capital is embedded in social network and social structure and influenced by geographical distance,individual interations,and social norms.The structure of Chinese society and the basis of social capital are addressed,laying foundation for the formulation of social capital theoretical framework on migrant rurual workers.This paper analyses in detail the predecessors and consequences of social capital after rural workers migrate into cities.The micro-social capital of migrant rural workers is mainly dependent on geographic and social distance.The meso-social capital is determined by the resources embedded in the organizations the migrant rural workers are affiliated to.And the micro-social capital is influenced by administrative systems,economic region,and local culture.This paper argues that migrant rural workers’ macro-social capital affects their migration,and their meso-social capital affects their integration into cities,and their micro-social capital affects both their migration and integration into cities.Pecondly,we surveyed 650 migrant rural workers working in k anjing,t e obtain descriptive statistics of social capital of the sampled migrant rural workers based on the survey.Thirdly,we empirically examine the effects of migrant rural workers’ social capital on their migration and integration into cities,fn detail,three group of hypotheses are tested based on the data from the aforementioned survey,~cirst of all,we investigate the effects of migrant rural workers’ micro-social capital on their migration to cities,ft is found that rural workers prefer to migrate to cities in the same province as their hometown rather than those in other provinces.The geographic distance between migrant rural workers’ hometown and their destination cities also significantly influence their migration.The majority of rural workers choose to work in nearby cities,t e also find that whether rural workers understand the local language of the destination cities influences their choice of the destination cities,k ext,we examine how migrant rural workers’ meso-social capital impacts their integration into cities,fntegration into cities is measured here by three dimensions,namely respect received,city life satisfaction,and harmony in social interaction,ft is found that the status of migrant rural workers’ affiliations influences two dimentions of integration into cities,including respect received and city life satisfaction, while has no significant influence on harmony in social interaction.The status of migrant rural workers’ jobs significantly influence their integration into cities,~e owever,the more jobs migrant rural workers hold in the period examined,the less likely they will integrate into city life,which is just the opposite of the research hypothesis.The location migrant rural workers work is not found to be important for their integration,too.~c inally,we test whether migrant rural workers’ micro-social capital impacts significantly their city integration.The empirical results support our hypotheses by showing that migrant rural wokers’ micro-social capital not only facilitates their city integration,but also helps to fred jobs with high status or high affiliation status.To sum up,this paper investigates city integration of Chinese migrant rural workers with the perspective of social capital,t e formulate a theoretical framework based on Chinese conditions to explain how various factors influence migrant rural workers’ city integration.This paper helps to better understand migrant rural workers’ integration into cities,which lay foundation for the government to constitute corresponding policies.And thus this paper will advances Chinese transformation from a traditional rural society to a modern one.更多还原