【作者】 程新贤；

【导师】 裔昭印；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 世界史， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 婚姻在不同历史时期和文化中有不同的制度和习俗,它反映了人类社会的文化变迁和发展。文艺复兴时代是西方社会从中世纪向近代社会转型的重要时期。意大利是文艺复兴的发源地,因此,深入分析和探讨该时期意大利人的婚姻状况及其特征,不仅有助于我们全面把握该时期意大利的社会文化变迁及其特点并准确理解“文艺复兴”的内涵,而且也有助于我们探明婚姻形态与社会发展之间的关系。本文共分为五个章节。其中,第一章主要探讨了文艺复兴时期意大利人的婚姻观。随着社会的变迁与发展,统治者和个人对婚姻的认识和看法也相应发生了变化。不过,传统的婚姻观和性别观念并没有发生根本性改变。第二章主要论述婚姻的缔结,包括婚姻对象的选择、结婚年龄、订婚和婚礼等内容。该时期,青年男女的婚姻仍由父母做主,很少是建立在爱情基础之上的。特别是在社会上层,婚姻往往成为家庭获得某种政治和经济利益的重要工具。婚礼的世俗化特征增强,基督教会在其中的作用减弱。第三章主要考察意大利人的婚姻家庭生活。该时期,在核心式家庭有所发展的同时,人们对家庭私人生活领域的注重却使女性边缘化。人们对婚姻生育功能的重视进一步将妇女束缚在家庭中。婚姻生活所体现出来的性别差异反映了意大利父权制的社会文化特质和妇女较低的婚姻家庭地位。但夫妻关系在这个时期开始发生了某些新的变化,伴侣式的情爱关系有所发展。第四章主要探讨嫁妆这一重要的家庭财产,包括嫁妆的来源和处置方式。在同时期的欧洲国家中,意大利的嫁妆体系是最稳固的。嫁妆不仅为女性的生活提供了必要的经济保障,而且对妇女的丈夫及家庭以及她的出生家庭都具有重要作用。我们可以从文艺复兴时期意大利人对待嫁妆的态度以及处置嫁妆的方式,来窥视他们处理家庭财产的原则以及这背后的人与人之间的关系。第五章主要通过对夫妇或配偶一方、教会以及世俗权力在面对婚姻解除和再婚问题时的反应与行为的考察,来说明人们在改变婚姻状态方面所做的努力以及教会在监管婚姻事务方面力量的复苏。总之,处于社会转型期的意大利的婚姻形态亦如这个时代一样具有过渡性特征:既具有传承性和连续性,又具有变化性和特殊性。但总的来看,传统的婚姻观念和男女不平等的性别关系仍然牢固,因此,该时期的婚姻距婚姻关系的性别平等和理性化的目标还有很大的距离。更多还原

【Abstract】 In different historical periods and cultures, marriage has diverse systems and customs. It reflects the culture changes and developments of human society. It was in Renaissance that the western society transformed from the Middle Ages to the Modern Times. The Renaissance originated in Italy. Therefore, to analyze and discuss the Italian marital status and its characteristics not only helps us construct a clear view of the social-culture transition and get a precise understanding of the essence of Renaissance, also lets us probe into the relationships between marital formation and social development.This dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the views on marriage of Italian. With the transition and development of society, the views on marriage of the rulers and individuals changed accordingly. Nevertheless, some traditional views on marriage and gender had no fundamental changes.The second chapter mainly elaborates the martial establishment, including the choice of marital mate, age at marriage, marital rituals and so on. In Renaissance Italy, marriage was mainly arranged by parents and rarely founded on love. For the upper circles, marriage was the vital means of obtaining certain political and economical benefits. Compared with the Middle Ages, the influence of the Church on marriage was gradually reduced during this period. So the marriage in Renaissance Italy showed its secularization.The third chapter mainly reviews the Italian marriage and family lives. During this period, with the development of nuclear families, more attention paid to the private life of a family resulted in female marginalization. More importance attached to procreation further confined the female to family. Gender differences in marital life reflected the patriarchal social-culture characteristic and a low position of the female in marriage and family in Renaissance Italy. In addition, the conjugal relations began to change and the life-long companion between couples saw its progress.The forth chapter mainly discusses the dowry which was an important family property, including its sources and the ways in which people distributed it. Among contemporary European countries, the dowry system was most stable in Renaissance Italy. The dowry not only provided the essential economic security for the female, but also played an important role in connecting women with their families of birth and marriage. From these we can probe into the criterion with which people distributed their family property and interpersonal relations behind that.Through discussing the reactions of the couple or spouse, the ecclesiastical and secular authority to marital dissolution and remarriage, the fifth chapter illustrates the efforts made by people to change their marital status and the revival power on marital affairs imposed by the Church.In a word, just like this transitional era itself, the Italian marital formation had the transitional characteristic as well. It has qualities of succession, continuity, variability and specialty. Generally speaking, the traditional ideas on marriage and gender inequality were still deeply rooted, thus the marriage in Renaissance Italy was far from the objects of gender equality and rationality in martial relationships.更多还原