【作者】 魏海苓；

【导师】 刘献君；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2007， 博士

【副题名】中国大学战略管理的有效性研究

【摘要】 中国大学已经处于一个竞争和变革的时代。要积极应对高等教育宏观管理体制改革和高等教育大众化、国际化所带来的前所未有的机遇和挑战,战略管理就是一种必然的现实选择。作为相应的理论回应,大学战略管理的有效性研究则亟待展开。这也正是本研究要回答的主要问题。以战略管理与大学发展的关系研究为基本分析线索,避免已有研究中简单移植的错误倾向,本研究运用理论与实践相结合、实证研究与学理分析相结合的方法,在对我国大学战略管理与大学发展进行历史分析的基础上,通过对战略管理与大学发展作用机制的深入剖析,建构了大学发展的有效战略管理模式。对战略管理和大学发展内涵的解读及关系的初步探讨揭示,战略管理与大学发展之间存在内在的关联:大学组织的开放性、复杂性和发展的竞争性构成了对战略管理需求的前提,大学的生存和发展诉求是大学战略管理演进的内驱力;战略管理的外向性、系统性、前瞻性和主动性特点是对大学发展需求的有效回应,战略管理有助于推动大学的跨越式发展。大学战略管理的有效性离不开与大学文化和制度的适配。对中国大学战略管理的演进历程和大学发展样态的梳理表明:1)中国大学战略管理的历史演进主要经历了民国时期大学规划意识的萌芽阶段,建国初期大学计划功能的膨胀阶段,“文革”后大学战略规划的初现阶段,“211工程”背景下大学战略规划的探索阶段,直至今天的大学战略管理阶段。2)中国大学的发展和战略管理的演进深受国家主义教育观的影响,伴随着国家控制力度的涨落,战略和规划在大学发展中发挥着不同的作用;与西方大学战略管理的连续演进不同,中国大学的战略管理演进过程存在明显的断裂;大学战略的选择和规划的制定主要遵从合法性机制,对效率机制的重视不够;大学战略管理过程中偏重规划,战略性不足;大学战略管理能力不强等。为提高大学战略管理的战略性、大学的战略实施能力以及平衡合法性机制与效率机制在大学发展中的作用,本文选择华中理工大学作为研究的个案。通过解读这所在新中国计划经济体制下诞生的单科性学校如何在政治控制力强大、政治运动频繁的时代短期内实现跨越式发展,来揭示学校发展中的战略管理实践及作用发挥机制。研究发现,1)战略管理是推动华中理工大学快速发展的助推器;而华中理工大学重视效率机制的成功发展经历又转而推动着学校战略管理走向正规化,为华中理工大学抓住新的机遇、自主创新提供了保障。2)战略领导是战略管理与大学发展相互作用的催化剂。3)战略管理在华中理工大学发展中出现过两种不同的形式:一种是围绕战略(思维)展开的战略管理过程;一种是围绕战略规划展开的战略管理过程。与之相对应,表现出两种不同的作用机制:“战略-结构-文化”的作用机制和“战略—规划-结构-文化”的作用机制。通过个案研究,本研究进一步得出:1)大学的发展最终取决于自身,战略管理有助于大学作出合理选择,推动大学发展;大学的生存和发展诉求又不断推动着战略管理的演进。2)需要拓宽大学战略管理的视界,从战略意义上来管理大学;3)战略领导、结构变革和组织文化是提高大学战略管理有效性的三个重要方面。最后,论文尝试构建了“战略-结构-文化”的战略管理模式,以帮助中国大学突破“遵从合法性机制的大学管理传统”,激活“战略管理知识存量”,提高战略管理的有效性,最终促进大学的发展。并据此模式提出了优化中国大学战略管理的相关措施:提高大学决策者的战略领导力,加强战略实施的组织基础和升华大学的组织文化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese Universities is in the times that suffering great compete and change, confronting with unprecedented pressure and challenges. The strategic management may be the only viable method of successfully reengineering higher institutions to meet the opportunity and challenge caused by highly global and competitive society. So the study for validity of strategic management in universities is very urgency and necessary. Studying the validity of strategic management in universities is the key issue in this paper.This paper takes the discussion of strategic management in universities from the perspective of the relation between strategic management and university development. By adopting the qualitative research and quantitative research methods, examining the history of the relation between strategic management and university development in China, analyzing their interactive mechanism, this paper establishes a valid strategic management model.Explanation for the essence of the university development and strategic management as well as the inspection on the strategic management practice of western universities have preliminarily unveiled the intrinsic correlation between the strategic management and university development: the openness of university organization, complexity as well as the competitiveness of university development constitute the intrinsic demand for the strategic management; the characteristics of strategic management such as open and external focus, systematic, foresighted and the initiative are responses to the demand of the university development.The validity of strategic management in universities must be compatible with the cultural and the institutions environments. Reviewing the evolution process of Chinese University strategic management and university development, this research finds that: 1)Chinese University strategic management has mainly experienced five periods, namely rudimentary phase of university-planning consciousness during the Republic of China, the strengthening stage of the planning-function during the early years of the New China, the newly presenting stage of strategic plan after“Cultural Revolution”, as well as the exploring stage of the strategic plan under the background of“211 Project”, until the fifth stage of the advent of today’s strategic management etc.. 2)Different stages shall be accompanied with the different developing modes of universities. Arranging the historical record indicates that, the Chinese University’s development and the strategic management evolution all deeply influenced by the nationalism-dominated education view, and following the rise and fall of state controlling strength, the strategy and plan have different functions on the university development; different from the continuous evolution of the strategic management in western university, the evolution process in Chinese University has the obvious break; the strategic choice and the plan formulation are mainly in compliance with the validity regime, which can only display its function on the university development within the limited scope. The factors mentioned-above are root causes for the sameness-approaching of Chinese University development and rather tiny effect of strategic management. And this influence of the tradition remain until now, there also exist some insufficiencies, which are mainly manifested as follows: in the process of conducting the strategic management, we are apt to lay particular stress on the plan while insufficient stress on strategy; to lay particular stress on theory while insufficient stress on executive ability; and to lay particular stress on validity regime while insufficient stress on efficiency mechanism etc.To improve the function on the university development of the stratagem of strategic management and executive ability as well as the coordination between the validity regime and efficiency mechanism, this study chooses Huazhong university of Science and Technology as the case for study, through explaining how does such a single discipline college which was born under planned economy system of the New China realize leap over development within short term during the historical stage with formidable controlling force of politics and the frequent political campaigns, we will unveil the strategic management practice and the related interaction mechanism. This research finds that, 1) the strategic consciousness and strategic management practice embodied in the successful development course of Huazhong university of Science and Technology turn to be the roll booster to facilitate the rapid development of the university. And also the successful development experience of Huazhong university of Science and Technology which is in compliance with the efficiency mechanism and begins with its objective reality turn to promote the strategic management practice to move gradually towards the standardization, which has provided the safeguard for Huazhong university of Science and Technology to grasp the new opportunity and conduct independent innovations. 2) The strategic leadership is the catalyst for the interaction regime between strategic management and university development. 3)The strategic management during Huazhong university of Science and Technology development has appeared two different forms: One is the strategic management process developing itself encircling the stratagem (thought); the other is the strategic management process developing itself encircling the strategic plan. Correspondingly, it displays two kinds of different interaction mechanisms:“strategy - structure - culture”and“strategy - plan - structure - culture”.On the foundation of preamble research, the paper constructs the“strategy - structure–culture”strategic management pattern to help the Chinese Universities to break through“the university management tradition in compliance with validity regime”, and activate“the strategic management knowledge reserves”, and finally promote the university development. Therefore, Chinese Universities have to grasp three essential aspects on which the strategic management exerts influence on the university development: to improve the strategic leadership ability of the university leaders, to enforce the organization foundation for implementing stratagems as well as to sublime university’s organization culture.更多还原