LAMOST观测控制系统的建立与测试

【作者】 姚仰光；

【导师】 金革； 王坚；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 物理电子学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 大天区面积多目标光纤光谱望远镜(LAMOST)是我国的九五大学科工程之一。它是一架横卧南北方向的中星仪式反射施密特望远镜。应用主动光学技术控制反射改正板,使它成为大口径兼大视场光学望远镜的世界之最。由于它的大口径,在曝光1.5小时内可以观测到暗达20.5等的天体。而由于它的大视场,在焦面上可以放置四千根光纤,将遥远天体的光分别传输到多台光谱仪中,同时获得它们的光谱,成为世界上光谱获取率最高的望远镜。它将成为我国天文学在大规模光学光谱观测中,在大视场天文学研究上,居于国际领先的地位。目前,LAMOST望远镜的关键硬件已经建成、安装,并且达到了技术指标,正在努力实现软件的自动化管理。LAMOST的软件自动化管理是通过它的软件控制系统来实现的。其中,观测控制子系统(OCS)是LAMOST软件控制系统中的核心,它的主要任务是管理、协调和控制其它子系统操作,使整个望远镜系统有条不紊地、按计划、有步骤地进行天文观测。OCS将是一个通过子系统之间、运行模块之间的软硬件接口构成的多层次的、集中与分散相结合的观测控制系统。虽然目前大部分都是计算机来实现望远镜的管理和控制,但是把它作为一个单独一个子系统,观测控制系统的提出是1995年,目前只有为数不多的高度复杂的望远镜具备了观测控制系统。对于国内的天文学界而言,这是第一次复杂的大型望远镜上研制观测控制系统,很多方面还缺乏相关经验。经过同行几年的努力,OCS已经具备了雏形,本论文将在此基础上进一步系统化OCS的各种功能和架构,具体实现OCS的各个部分,建立一个可以实际控制硬件进行观测的观测控制系统,为LAMOST系统集成和试运行提供决策建议和技术储备。OCS的开发过程也是一个不断测试并修改的过程,本文提出了适合于OCS的基于面向对象的测试方法和测试过程,并给出了各种测试案例。值得一提的是,随着LAMOST工程进展,即将进行软硬件的全面调试。由于工程进度上的原因,将所有真实的子系统同时聚集具有一定的困难,为了使调试顺利进行,本文在调研OCS整体控制流程的基础上,采用模拟子系统的办法测试观测流程;并抽取了一些典型的小流程。这些小流程都只和一两个子系统有关,给实际调试带来了方便。也为后一阶段所有软硬件联合调试提供进一步的保证。本论文共九章。第一章介绍了LAMOST项目在世界天文学上的重大意义,给出了LAMOST的最新进展,指出了软件控制系统对于LAMOST的重要意义。在介绍了LAMOST的软件控制系统后,又说明了观测控制系统(OCS)在软件控制系统中的核心地位。第二章对于OCS进行了总体的设计,先是对于OCS的建立进行了需求分析,在分析的基础上,进行了功能设计和架构设计;并对于OCS的通信机制进行了设计。第三章到第六章针对OCS的主要功能模块给出了相应的设计思路和实现方法。其中第三章介绍命令管理模块,它管理OCS所有的命令和状态的编辑,以及观测流程的编辑;第四章介绍观测控制模块,是OCS能够进行观测的最主要模块;第五章介绍了OCS的用户控制界面;第六章介绍了OCS的其它支持模块。第七章记录了设计调试中遇到的一些典型问题以及它们的解决方法。第八章说明了OCS的测试过程,不仅给出了和开发过程紧密相连的测试,也给出了为软硬件联调而准备的相关测试。第九章总结了本论文的工作,并对后续工作进行了展望。附录是OCS现有定义的基本命令。最后是在学期间发表的文章列表和致谢。更多还原

【Abstract】 LAMOST is a meridian reflecting Schmidt telescope.Using active optics technique to control its reflecting corrector makes it a unique astronomical instrument in combining large aperture with wide field of view.The available large focal plane may accommodate up to thousands of fibers,by which the collected light of distant and faint celestial objects down to 20.5 magnitude is fed into the spectrographs,promising a very high spectrum acquiring rate of ten-thousands of spectra per night.It will bring Chinese astronomy into the 21century with a leading role in wide field spectroscopy and in the fields of large scale and large sample astronomy and astrophysics.At present LAMOST has all the hardware fixeded success.And is trying to achieve the automated software management,which is achieved by its software control system.The Observatory Control System(OCS)is the core of the control system,whose main purpose is to manage,coordinate and control the subsystems of LAMOST and make the whole telescope work in an orderly manner.According to the plan,astronomical observation will be carried on step by step.It is a concentrated and scattered observatory control system upon all software and hardware modules with interfaces in multi-level.As the control software of the world’s leading large telescope,OCS is also a complex software system with few precedents. Research on LAMOST observatory control involves software development,physical course of observation process,data exchange with subsystems,system testing work,etc.The analysis of these issues and solutions not only helps make progress with the LAMOST Project but also bring valuable experience and documents to later work..After several years of efforts,OCS already has a prototype.On which this paper attempts to further systematize the various functions and framework of OCS,set up a hardware control observation system,provide advice and technical reserves for OCS.OCS’s development is a continuous process of testing and revising.This paper gives suitable testing methods and testing process based on object-oriented for OCS,and gives a variety of test cases.With the progress of LAMOST Project,the comprehensive hardware and software debugging is forthcoming.As some project reasons,gathering all the subsystems at the same time have some difficulties.So,this paper used simulated subsystem to test observation process.To make debugging smooth,this article also take a number of typical small process from the actual process,which associates only with one or two subsystems and bring sconvenience to actual testment.The dissertation is composed of nine chapters. ChapterⅠintroduced the great significance of LAMOST in astronomy,presented LAMOST’s latest developments,noting that the software control system is very important to LAMOST,and described the observation Control System’s central position in the software control system.ChapterⅡcarried out the overall design for OCS.It established a needs analysis of OCS and based on which it also given a functional design and architecture design of OCS.At the same time we also gave the design of communications mechanism in OCS.ChapterⅢto ChapterⅥgave the realization of OCS’s important module.ChapterⅢintroduced the Command Management Module.It manages all of OCS’s commands and states and observing process.ChapterⅣintroduced the Observation Control Module,which is the most importent module in OCS.ChapterⅤintroduced the user control interface of OCS.ChapterⅥintroduced the other support modules of OCS.ChapterⅦrecorded some typical problems and their solutions encountered in design.ChapterⅧdescribed the testing process of OCS,in which we not only gives the tests process closely linked to the development,also designed tests for the incoming hardware and software debugging.ChapterⅨis a summary and prospect of this dissertation.It reviewed work of this dissertation and brought forward proposal for continued research and development of OCS.The appendix is base command of OCS.The last part is reference and the articles published during student course.更多还原