【作者】 高捷；

【导师】 李文静；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 游泳项目在奥运会比赛中占有举足轻重的地位,对于奥运金牌战略起着至关重要的作用。在竞技游泳运动发展过程中,促进运动成绩提高的因素十分复杂。其中竞赛制度是影响竞技游泳运动发展、促进运动成绩提高的重要因素。本研究以我国竞技游泳赛制的发展为切入点,通过专家访谈、文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计分析等研究方法,对不同时期我国竞技游泳赛制与运动成绩的关系进行深入系统的分析研究。通过与国际游泳赛制的对比,揭示我国现行竞技游泳赛制存在的不足,并结合世界游泳强国有关竞技游泳赛制方面的经验和案例,提出完善我国竞技游泳赛制的改革建议。试图为我国游泳项目管理部门制定有关政策和制度提供科学的理论依据,有效促进竞技游泳运动成绩的提高,推动中国游泳运动持续、健康发展。研究我国竞技游泳运动的历史发现,无论是在辉煌时期还是在低谷时期,运动成绩均与该阶段我国竞技游泳赛制有着密切关系。建立合理而完善的竞技游泳赛制是提高游泳运动成绩,促进竞技游泳运动可持续发展的重要条件。通过中外现行竞技游泳赛制的对比发现:我国竞技游泳竞赛在年度竞赛安排、竞赛周期、竞赛次数、竞赛类型等方面与国外存在较大差异。年度竞赛周期短、竞赛间隔长、竞赛次数少、竞赛类型单一、竞争程度低、训练与竞赛常年呈分离状态是我国现行竞技游泳赛制的突出特征。我国现行赛制不足是影响教练员“重训练轻竞赛”训练理念形成的关键所在,也是造成我国运动员与世界优秀运动员在运动成绩表现特征及比赛能力等方面存在明显差异的主要原因。据此,对我国现行游泳赛制进行改革,建立完善的竞技游泳赛制,势在必行!根据世界游泳赛制发展特点和我国竞技游泳竞赛发展的现实需要,提出完善我国竞技游泳赛制改革建议:深化竞赛制度改革,坚持以赛制多样化为改革重点、增加比赛次数、提高竞赛的标准与难度,完善奖励制度,广开竞赛资金渠道,培育竞赛市场,增强运动员竞赛能力,提高整体水平,通过市场运作扩大项目影响,增加自身造血功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Swimming event is a significant part in the Olympic competitions, and is important for a country’s position on the list of Olympic Gold Medals. During the development of competitive swimming, there are many factors affecting the improvement of swimming performance, among which, the competition system is an important factor.This study focuses on the development of competitive swimming system in China, analyses deeply and systematically into the relationship between China’s competitive swimming system and the performance in different periods, through methods of expert interview, documentary, questionnaire, and data analysis, etc. Through the comparison between China’s competitive swimming system and the international system, finds the shortages of the system in China; and together with the study on the experience and cases of swimming powers in the world, makes reform proposals to improve the system in China. The study tries to provide effective theoretical support to the governing bodies and decision-makers of swimming events, and thus promotes the healthy and steady development of competitive swimming in China, improves swimming performance.Through study on the history of China’s competitive swimming, it is found that swimming performance has close relationship with the swimming system of that period. To improve the performance of competitive swimming, it is important to set up a sound and perfect system.Through the comparison of competitive swimming system between home and abroad, it is found that there are great differences in terms of competition schedule, competition periods, times of competition, and types of competition etc. Shorter periods, longer intervals, fewer times, simple types, lack of competitiveness, and the disconnection between training and competition are the features of competitive swimming in China. The system causes the coaches to lay too much importance on training and less attention to competitions, which is a major reason for the differences of performance and competition ability between Chinese swimmers and top international swimmers. Thus, it is necessary that reforms shall be made to set up a better competition system for swimming.According to the features of the development of international swimming system and the needs of China’s development of competitive swimming, proposals for improvement are made as follows: deepen the system reform, develop various systems, add more competitions, raise the standard and difficulty of the competitions, improve award system and marketing ability, cultivate the market of competitive swimming, build up swimmers’competition ability, and thus improve the overall level of competitive swimming; broaden the influence through marketing events, and improve the ability of self-development.更多还原