【作者】 李良宝；

【导师】 王要武；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 大型建设项目规模庞大,资源投入数量巨大,自然条件和技术条件复杂,建设周期长,不确定性因素多,致使施工十分艰难,具有较大的风险性。为使该系统高效协调地运行,必须编制指导和控制该系统运行的施工进度计划。在工程施工阶段,施工进度计划是组织和控制工程施工的指导性文件。施工进度计划的编制工作直接关系到工程的成本、工期和质量,工程的预期成本和计划工期要通过施工进度来体现。因此,合理地安排施工进度计划无论对建设单位、设计单位或施工单位都是重要的工作。施工进度计划主要研究合理的施工期限和在既定的条件下确定工程施工分期和施工程序,在时间安排上使各施工环节协调一致。施工进度计划的安排,一方面应考虑工程所在地区的自然条件、社会经济资源、工程施工特性和施工期限要求,另一方面应与施工组织设计的其他组成部分(施工方法、技术供应、施工总体布置等)的设计密切联系,综合全面考虑,使整个施工前后兼顾,互相衔接,减少干扰,均衡生产,最大限度地合理使用建设资金、劳动力、机械设备和建筑材料。制定大型工程施工进度计划是一项极其复杂的工作,传统的分析模式效率较低,这与21世纪迅速发展的科学技术水平不相适应。计算机仿真技术的应用为建设项目施工过程研究开创了新的方法。本文将系统工程、地理信息系统、科学计算可视化、系统仿真、网络计划、遗传算法等先进技术方法引入到建设项目施工组织设计领域,进行了建设项目施工进度计划仿真研究,主要研究工作内容如下:(1)由于仿真模型中涉及的参数、模型、算法繁多,给仿真模型构建带来了很大的弊端。本文从对离散的施工系统仿真的方法开始研究,通过对建设项目施工进度计划的全过程仿真研究,结合数据库技术,构建了建设项目施工进度计划仿真平台。(2)鉴于仿真建模的复杂性,提出了基于面向对象技术的图形辅助仿真模型构建方法。面向对象的图形辅助仿真模型构建将循环网络仿真单元模型封装在工序模型中,使得仿真模型的构建得以简化。结合建设项目施工实际情况,构建了建设项目施工系统仿真模型,从而简化了复杂的仿真建模过程。(3)在建设项目施工过程中,如何确定合理的施工工期是非常重要的,传统的CPM和PERT分析都存在一定的局限性。针对这一问题,本文提出了工序关键度和主导线路的概念,给出了用MC仿真确定仿真关键线路的方法,并利用了实际建设项目进行了实证分析。(4)建设项目施工过程中,各个工序的关系错综复杂,使得各时段对资源的需求量相差很大。对此,本文利用了传统算法(最小方差法和削峰填谷法)进行对比研究,提出了基于混合遗传算法的资源均衡优化数学模型,并对该数学模型进行了实证分析。(5)在仿真中应用可视化技术已成为先进仿真技术发展的一个主要趋势。本文提出了基于GIS的可视化仿真实现的方法,该方法可以充分利用GIS强大的空间数据处理功能和图形处理技术,通过动态的数字化三维图形将建设项目施工过程形象地描绘出来。通过本课题的研究,对于提高我国建设项目管理水平,增强企业竞争力,改进企业整体绩效,促进建筑业持续、健康、快速的发展具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large construction projects generally have many difficulties such as large scale, numerous resources, complicated natural conditions and technical conditions, long construction period, a great deal of uncertain factors which result difficult construction and large risk. In order to insure system operates effectively and harmoniously, we must plan construction scheduling that can instruct and control the system. Construction scheduling is to organize and control the project during the period of construction whose establishment relates to cost, schedule and quality, and demonstrates anticipated cost and total time. Therefore, it is important to arrange schedule rationally for both construction unit and design unit. Construction scheduling mainly studies rational construction time limit for a project and ensures by-stage construction and its procedure to cooperate various links within the stated period of time. Construction scheduling should not only consider regional natural condition, social economic resources, project construction characteristics and time limit, but make close relationship with other components in construction organize design such as construction methods, technology provision, construction overall arrange, which can ensure consideration all the project, linkage with each other, less disturb, balanced production, and use money, labor, mechanical equipment and materials with maximum limit. Making large project construction scheduling is a complicated work. Traditional analysis pattern productivity is too low to adapt the increasing science development standard in the 21st century. The application of computer simulation technology creates a new way for project construction process research.This dissertation introduces many advanced technical methods to project construction organization design field such as system engineering, GIS, scientific computing visualization, system simulation, network plan, GA to study construction simulation theory and methods.. The following is the main research work and achievements:(1)Due to a lot of parameters, models and arithmetic involved in simulation model, the establishment of simulation model is too difficult. This dissertation starts from the study of discrete construction system simulation methods to set up construction project scheduling simulation framework combing database technology through the simulation research to the whole process of construction project scheduling.(2)Because of the complexity of simulation modeling, orient object graphic-aided simulation modeling method is presented. The simulation model encapsulate circle network simulation unit into working procedure model to simplify it. With the practical construction situation, construction project system simulation model is developed to simplify the complicated modeling process.(3)It is important to ensure rational schedule during the project construction. Traditional CPM and PERT analysis have some limit. This dissertation presents working procedure crucial degree and dominant path, and Monte Carlo Simulation to decide simulation crucial path. A case study is to case analysis.(4)The relationship of various working procedures is complicated during construction so that the need of resources is different in each time. This dissertation makes comparison to traditional algorithm such as minimum variance method and peak shaving method, presents resource balance optimization mathematic model based on GA, and gives empirical analysis to the model.(5) A main trend in simulation development is to apply visualization technology. This dissertation presents visual simulation method based on GIS, which can depict construction process visually by powerful space data processing function of GIS, graph processing technology and dynamic digital three dimension graph.This research has the important significance for improving construction project management capability, increasing enterprise competition ability, improving whole performance of enterprise and accelerating the continuous, healthy, rapid development of construction industry.更多还原