【作者】 高文博；

【导师】 张维达；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政治经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放三十年,中国经济发展取得了世人瞩目的成就,与之相伴而生的是大规模劳动力再配置现象。劳动力再配置,是劳动力要素从低劳动生产率部门向高劳动生产率部门流动,通过部门间就业结构的优化调整,提高经济产出的过程。本文借鉴前人的研究成果,考察相关国家的劳动力再配置实践过程,以此为基础对经济转型时期中国劳动力再配置问题进行系统研究。我们的研究表明:劳动力再配置对中国经济增长具有重要推动作用,但这一过程远未完成,距离预期目标仍有很大差距。促进三次产业协调发展、建立健全统一的劳动力市场以及加速城镇化发展,是保证未来劳动力再配置过程持续稳定推进的必要手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China’s reform and opening, economic development has achieved great success which the world takes attention on. At the same time, large-scale labor reallocation appears. Follows the urban-rural dual economic structure to transform, the massive agricultural surplus-labor emerges to be engaged in the non-agricultural work; Follows the state economy strategically readjustes and the state-owned enterprise reforms, the massive laid-off workers need to be re-employed. At present, massive mobile labor force counted by the 100 million participate in the process of labor reallocation. The process realize smoothly relates the entire economic transition. Accordingly, the problem of labor reallocation in China’s economic transition arises at the historic moment.The labor reallocation means the labor force transfer from the department with low labor productivity to the department with high labor productivity, realizes between the departments the structure of employment optimized adjustment, enhances economic output the process. For the developing country, because the factors market is imperfect, there always is unbalance between various branches of the economy, and there always is huge difference of factor earnings between the departments, so it would induce inefficient on use of factor. For these reasons, factor mobiles between the departments would enhance efficiency of it’s use and would promoted the sustaining economic growth.In China, the labor reallocation is inseparable with the period of economic transition. With the background of economic transition, we researched the relations between labor reallocation and China’s economic transition and actively uses for predecessor achievement and experience of labor reallocation from other courtries. Based on this, we took empirical study to the labor reallocation in transition, and point out the future trend of the labor reallocation. Finally, on the view of resourece allocation, we inspected the industrial development conditions which influence labor force supplies and the demand, as well as the development of labor market and urbanization and so on, development realizes, puts forward the corresponding proposal. The research of this dissertation is composed with introduction and four chapters:0. Introduction. The labor reallocation is an important content in Chian’s economic transition, it has the significant contributions to the Chinese economic growth. Research on labor reallocation would get important academic value and practical significance. We first definite the economic category and background, and emphatically interpret the relations between labor reallocation and economic transition. After that, we explained the main methods, structure, innovation and shortcoming in our research.1. Research Summarize on Labor Reallocation. This chapter divides into four parts: Firstly, we introduced Marx’s theory of labor force allocation, as well as Marxism model of labor force allocation. Secondly, we introduced the achievement from development economics about the labor reallocation. It included Lewis-Fei-Rains’theory of dual economy, Jorgenson’s model of labor force flow, Todaro’s model of labor migration. Thirdly, we introduced the research of labor reallocation from transition economics. Finally, we introduced the domestic and foreign experiential research on labor reallocation.2. International Experience of Labor Reallocation. This chapter summarized the experience of labor reallocation of related countries. For Chinese unique path of economc transition, its mechanism of labor reallocation is not only different the developed countries but also different with other tansitional countries, therefore the comparative analysis with these countries become an important content in our research. According to the countries inspected, this chapter divides into four parts. First, takeing Britain as the example, we reviewed the process of labor reallocation of industrialized countries. Next, we reviewed the process of labor reallocation of the developing country in reforming period. Thirdly, we reviewed the process of labor reallocation of former Soviet and eastern-Europe countries in reforming period. Finally, we summarized the international experience of labor reallocation.3. Empirical Research of Labor Reallocation in China’s Economic Transition. Based on the historical data, we mainly analyzed the economic impact of the reallocation of surplus agricultural labor force and the state-owned enterprise’s labor force. We counted the influence of labor productivity and the economic growth which gain from labor reallocation. Taking this as the foundation, we further carried on a brief appraisal to the effect of labor reallocation, and took an outlook for labor reallocatin in future.4. Accomplishable Conditions and Countermeasures of Chinese Labor Reallocation. On the view of resourece allocation, we decomposes the process of labor reallocation into two processes for the release of labor force and the absorption of labor force, and inspected the demand-side factor which impact labor force absorption emphatically. These factors include agriculture, industry and service industry. Accounting the disadvantage of the labor force absorption, we proposed countermeasure. Because the accomplishment of labor reallocation need labor market to display essential function, we studied the development of Chinese labor market and situation of multi-level division. In addition, we have analyzed the influence of urbanization for labor reallocation. Because China is a country with a huge agricultural population, the sustainable and stable advancement of labor reallocation need to take the spatial carrier continually by the city. The peasant worker disposes the special group which emerges from Chinese labor reallocation. Accelerative urbanization would be advantageous in improving the peasant workers’condition and accelerates their status transformation from farmer to citizen, so it would consolidate the effort of labor reallocation.The labor reallocation is a phenomenon which appears in economic transition generally, but Chinese labor reallocation displays the characteristic of big scale, long duration and broad influence because of great population. For this reson, research on Chinese labor reallocation should take China’s economic reform and economic growth as the background. Based on these, we would provide the countermeasures through analysis of factors which impact the accomplishment of labor reallocation. Following such research mentality, we conduct a systemic research to Chinese labor reallocation. The innovation of our research is:Firstly, we attempted to illustrate the concept, the connotation and the essence of the labor reallocation, and have summarized the significance for our research. We took Chinese economy reform as background, and proposed a unique view for our research.Secondly, through analysis and count of the historical data, we have taken a systematic empirical research on Chinese labor reallocation. Then, defering to the recent goal of development, we pointed out the trend of labor reallocation in future.Thirdly, we conclude that the the process of labor force absorption is the key step of labor reallocation. In China, the development of the industries, the labor market and urbanization is important for accomplishment of labor reallocation. Through research on these terms, we put forward some relevant proposals.更多还原