【作者】 王政；

【导师】 杨柏；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 无机纳米微粒优异的光、电、磁等性质使得很多研究者一直致力于无机纳米微粒复合、组装及其功能化的研究。但以往在基底表面复合纳米微粒的方法有很多不足,比如与基底的附着力弱、纳米粒子分布不均匀、选择性低、复合量低和缺乏控制手段等限制了其应用。本论文的工作就是将表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合技术和纳米复合组装技术相结合,探索一条制备无机纳米微粒/有机复合材料的新途径。本论文从两个方面开展工作:第一,结合含金属离子的甲基丙烯酸镉单体的表面引发原子转移自由基聚合和气/固反应,扩展制备了一系列嵌段共聚、无规共聚和梯度共聚等不同结构的CdS纳米微粒/聚合物复合超薄膜。并将此方法进一步应用于聚苯乙烯微球,制备了CdS纳米微粒聚合物复合微球。第二,应用表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合制备聚甲基丙烯环氧丙酯的功能聚合物膜层,分别在宏观平面基底(硅片)和微观球面基底上(SiO2微球)复合了多种不同表面性质和不同尺寸的功能纳米微粒,如水相的CdTe纳米晶、金纳米微粒和油相的Fe3O4磁性纳米微粒,制备出一系列含量可控的高复合量的多功能纳米复合薄膜和微球,从而为设计制备新颖的含有多种功能性纳米微粒的复合材料提供了一种新方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 With nanotechnology developing, the research on hybrid and composite nanomaterials has undoubtedly been a field of special interest in the intersection of physics, chemistry, and materials science, of which inorganic/organic nanocomposites with a wide range of interesting properties increasingly become a burgeoning area. As one of its branches, inorganic nanoparticles/polymer composite films and shells possess the potential applications in modifying surface properties. The way to control the diameter, the content and the distribution of nanoparticles in polymer plays a significant role in the development of the fabrication of functional inorganic/organic nanocomposites. Taking into account of the essential relationship between structures and properties, people have to control the structure of materials from microcosm to macroscopy, whereas living radical polymerization, especially atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), is of interest to a wide spectrum of scholars just because of its merits to control the structure of polymeric materials.In chapter 2, we describe a promising strategy for the controlled synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles/polymer composite materials by the combined use of surface-initiated ATRP and gas/solid reaction. Furthermore, our method was applied to directly fabricate single-layered or multi-layered semiconductor nanoparticles/ polymer composite films with diverse structures. All the above established a solid fundament for the fabrication of multifunctional inorganic/organic nanocomposite materials.In chapter 3, we described the fabrication of CdS-nanoparticle/polystyrene latex through the combined use of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and gas/solid reaction. The surface-modified with oxirane groups were used as support and grafted Br initiator in water. The resulted CdS-nanoparticle/PS latexs take on a strawberry-like shape in SEM and presented a strong fluorescence property.In chapter 4, we described a general method to produce functional nanoparticle/polymer composite film is reported. Polyglycidyl methacrylate brush grafted on silica substrates through surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization technique are used as support to assemble various types of nanoparticles involving aqueous CdTe nanocrystals, gold nanoparticles and hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles respectively or simultaneously.In chapter 5, we described general method to produce functional (or multifunctional) nanoparticle/silica microsphere assemblies. Polyglycidyl methacrylate shells grafted on the surface of silica microspheres through surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization technique are used as supports to assemble various types of nanoparticles involving aqueous CdTe nanocrystals, gold nanoparticles and hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles respectively or simultaneously. The properties of the assembled nanoparticles are well retained in the nanocomposite assemblies, which is tunable according with the amount in large scale.更多还原