【作者】 郑晓红；

【导师】 王如竹；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 制冷与低温工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 室内空气品质与人们的生活息息相关,对人类的生存环境、生活质量和社会经济的发展有着直接重要的影响。本文针对室内空气中的可挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和微生物污染物做了散发机理分析,探讨了空气净化器内空气的流动模式对净化效率的影响,并根据这些研究结果开发设计了复合型高压静电和光催化空气净化器,试验研究发现空气相对湿度的大小对净化效率有较大影响,最后探讨了被动式调节室内空气的相对湿度的方法。本文主要内容可通过以下三方面来论述:一是研究了装修建材中VOC的散发特性,建立了VOC在材料内部和向空气中散发的传递模型,并经过文献中实验数据验证了该模型的正确性。应用该模型研究了材料厚度、换气次数和烘焙温度对材料内和空气中VOC散发传递的影响,得出了烘焙的有效工作范围。最后从理论上验证了间歇通风烘焙方法是有效的降低室内VOC浓度的措施。二是研究了复合空气净化器提高室内空气质量。针对如何从室内环境中降低VOC、颗粒物和病毒污染物,提出了高压静电和光催化技术复合净化的方法并设计出复合净化器,对其内部结构进行了模型分析和CFD计算,从净化空气龄上分析得出活塞流动方式是最优的内部空气流动。在全封闭的中央空调模拟系统中试验得到该复合净化器对微尘的平均净化全效率为86.2%,能够促进VOC的分解、微尘污染的过滤和阻断病毒的空气传播途径,从而起到了彻底净化清洁空气的效果。该复合净化器在爆发流行性疾病如非典型性肺炎(SARS)时能做到净化空气,创造出安全室内环境,并预期对可能到来的禽流感的传播起到一定的阻断作用。三是研究了被动式除湿技术。环境的湿度是影响悬浮在空气中微生物死亡率的重要因素,湿度高低也是决定复合空气净化器中光催化单元组件的催化效率的一个因素,适宜的湿度范围能够有效抑制病毒的生长,提高净化器效率,更能提高人体热舒适性。为此,本文配制了节能环保的复合硅胶材料发展室内空气的被动除湿技术,通过大量的小型环境箱和恒温环境室的试验研究发现,能够维持空气相对湿度在45%～60%内。更多还原

【Abstract】 Indoor air quality significantly influenced people’s health and comfortable due to the facts that people spend most of their time in indoor environment. The significance of indoor air quality was iterated by SARS outbreak in 2003 and expecting possible avian flu outbreak. This thesis is focused on how to create a safe and comfortable indoor environment for people. The mechanism of VOC emission, the control of indoor air pollutants including VOC, bio aerosols and the control of influenced factor relative humidity were investigated in this study from three aspects as followed:Firstly, the physical properties of VOC emission from construction or decoration materials were studied in the present thesis. We developed a model to predict VOC concentration considering the influences of temperature, ventilation rate, thickness of the materials etc. The model was validated by the measured data from literatures. The model was employed to study the influences of temperature, ventilation rate and thickness of materials to VOC emission and conduction inside the materials. The effective range of bake-out method was obtained from the results. It was found from theory that the method integrated of bake-out and ventilation was an efficient way to remove VOC both from indoor air and materials.Secondly, this thesis developed a concept to integrate high voltage, filter and photo catalysis into a multifunctional air cleaner for removing airborne bio-aerosols, VOC pollutants. An air cleaner was designed according to the concept and was tested in an enclosed chamber of simulated HVAC system. Results show that the average total efficiency of this air cleaner can achieve to as high as 86.2%. It can decompose VOC, remove particles and cut off the transmitted route of airborne infectious diseases. This air cleaner is hoped to creat for safe environment for people during disease epidemic such as SARS and the expecting possible avian flu.Thirdly, this thesis studied the passive dehumidify with low energy consume, which is to control the growth of pathogens as humidity is one of important factors to influence the growth of bacteria or virus. Humidity also influences the efficiency of photo catalysis. So the suitable range of humidity of air can inhibit the growth of bacteria or virus, increase the efficiency of photo catalysis equipments and improve the thermal comfortable for people. The material was tested in a small environment chamber and thermostatic tested room with different conditions. Results show that the RH of the indoor air can be adjusted to be 45%-60% by the compositing passive material.更多还原