【作者】 曲红；

【导师】 王百田；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态环境工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 对人工林植物多样性研究是退耕还林、天然林保护等生态环境工程的延伸,对于植被恢复后的生物学效果评价有重要意义。本研究以山西省方山县下昔沟流域为研究对象,在系统分析了流域现状的基础上及全面调查了该流域的植被群落类型之后,选取了1种无林地群落和14种不同立地类型、不同林龄、不同配置下的人工林群落,进行了大量野外观测和室内试验数据分析,并用生物多样性的相关公式、方差等计算方法,系统地分析了不同立地条件下、不同林龄、不同林分、不同配置下人工林对植物多样性地影响。得出以下主要结论:(1)下昔沟流域植物区系是以北温带分布类型为主。该流域有维管植物340种,仅占山西植物区系的12.7%,植物多样性不是十分丰富,但却极具特色。它的分类群较为复杂,中国种子植物的15个分布区类型在本区都有记录。植物种类相对贫乏,而分布区类型较为复杂,这充分体现了本区作为半干旱区的特点。(2)本区有1新变种:长梗灰叶黄芪;1变型:白花远志;有《山西植物志》增补植物3种:牛枝子、阿拉善鹅观草、细叶百脉根;4变种:雀瓢、紫花拐轴鸦葱、狭叶鹅观草、密花小根蒜;有山西植物地理分布新记录18种百蕊草、麦宾草、猪毛菜、碱蓬、马齿苋、大火草、黄戴戴、细唐松草、甘草、五脉山黧豆、二色棘豆、花苜蓿、文冠果、羽裂堇菜、粟麻、尖被灯心草、窄叶小苦荬、日本风毛菊;3变种:牛扁、百金花、翼茎风毛菊。这些植物物种对山西植物区系有一定贡献,也是本区系的特点之一。(以上植物物种均已发表,凭证标本全部存放于北京林业大学森林植物标本馆)(3)人工林营造丰富了当地的植物种类,改变了物种结构成分,如优势科属的排序与无林地群落的不一致性,及所含的科、属、种的不同,一些耐阴的植物种类,如斑叶堇菜、青杞等则出现在人工林下,而一些阳性树种,如小叶鼠李、紫丁香则不进入林下,但并没有改变该流域以北温带为主的植物区系类型。(4)在不同类型的群落之间,由于受群落的结构层次、海拔、坡向、密度、林龄等因子的影响,物种丰富度、均匀度、多样性指数之间关系变化趋势并不一致。在其它条件相同的情况下,密度是影响该区群落中物种多样性的主要因素。随着林分密度的减少,灌草层物种多样性则逐渐增大;而在密度、林分、林相同的情况下,随着海拔的升高,灌草层多样性则略有下降的趋势;坡向的影响主要表现为阴坡物种多样性高于阳坡;林龄的影响主要为林龄越高,物种多样性越高。(5)研究数据表明,在立地条件相同的状况下,混交林下植被物种多样性高于阔叶林,阔叶林群落的植物多样性高于针叶林,说明混交林及阔叶林更有利于林下植被的发育和更新。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on diversity of cultivated trees is an extent to forest conservation and the return from plantation to forest, which is important for to biological impact evaluation of vegetation recovery.The research, which took place in Xiaxigou area that is located in Shanxi Fangshan County as our study object. After the overall analysis of the area condition and investigation of plant vegetation, 1 kind of non-woodland and 14 kind of cultivated trees varying from the type of growing place, age and configuration were chosen, which are observed in both outside field and inside lab. With the computing method of formula and square error related with biological diversity, some conclusions are drawn as the follows:(1) Xiaxigou basin flora is mainly North Temperate zone distribution. There are 340 kinds of plants which account for 12.7% of Shanxi flora. Although plant diversity is not very rich, it is very special. Its classification group is fairly complicated, and 15 distribution area types of Chinese seed plant have been recorded. Also plant types are relatively rare, but the distribution area type is complicated, which show its partly arid area character.(2)There is 1 new variation: Astragalus discolor var. longipedicellus; 1 modification: Polygala tenuifolia f.alba; supplementing 3 kinds plant "Shanxi flora ": Lespedeza potaninii,Roegneria alashanica,Lotus tenuis; 4 variation: Cynanchum thesioides var. australe,Scorzonera divaricata var. sublilacina,Allium macrostemon var. uratense,Roegneria sinica var. angustifolia; Have Shanxi new precis writer of plant geographical distribution hundred 18 kinds Thesium chinensis,Elymus tangutorum, Salsola collina,Suaeda glauca, Portulaca oleracea, Anemone tomentosa, Halerpestes ruthenica, Thalictrum tenue, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Lathyrus quinquenervius, Oxytropis bicolor, Trigonella ruthenica, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Saussurea japonica, Diarthron linifolium, Juncus turczaninowii, Ixeridium gramineum, Viola forrestiana; 3 variation: Aconitum barbatum var. puberulum, Centaurium pulchellum var. altaicum, Saussurea japonica var. alata .These plant species have being bound to contribute to Shanxi flora , are also one of the characteristic that this area is. (All above plant species already has announced equally, all voucher specimen deposition Yu Beijing Forestry University forest plants specimen mansion)(3) Artificial forest which enriched local plant, has changed species structure component, such as the ordering that advantage section belongs to and the inconsistency there being no forest land community, what be contained section , diversity being , growing, some are able to bear overcast plant kind, if speckle leaf violet , green Chinese wolfberry etc. appears then under planted forest, but a few masculine gender seeds of trees, move downwards if foliole mouse Li , lilac do not enter forest then, only not changing the flora type being a river basin’s turn to give first place to North Temperate zone.(4) Due to impact by group structure, latitude , slope effect , species density, degree of homogeneity , diversity to factors such as density , age of stand accepting community, concern change between the exponent, the trend is between the community being unlike a type, not consistent. Under other condition is identical situation, density is major factor affects an area community middle species diversity. With standing forest density decrease, irrigation grass tier of species diversity enhances then gradually; But power-up falling, with height in density, standing forest, identical condition of forest, irrigate grass tier diversity trend having then a bit coming down; The main slope behaviour to effect is that overcast slope species diversity is higher than sun slope; The age of stand effect is that age of stand is increasingly high, species diversity is increasingly high mainly.(5) From research data, we can conclude that, under same situation, vegetation species diversity is higher than broad-leaved forest under mingled forest, and broad-leaved forest community plant diversity overtops coniferous forest, indicates that mingled forest and broad-leaved forest are more beneficial for vegetation growth and renewal under forest.更多还原