【作者】 胡甫才；

【导师】 杨建国； 向阳；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 轮机工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 船舶工业是为航运业和海洋开发提供主要装备的战略性产业,是保障国家安全、确保国家能源战略和海洋权益维护的重要工业基础。“十五”期间,我国船舶工业取得了令人瞩目的成就,“十一五”更是我国造船业向第一造船大国目标迈进并实现由大到强发展的关键时期,但船舶配套设备发展的滞后,严重制约了我国船舶工业的健康发展。锚绞机作为船舶配套设备的主要设备之一,对船舶的安全营运有着十分重要的作用,但目前的设计方法保守、效率低、不能对其进行全面的分析和计算,理论承载能力与实际承载负荷之间存在较大的差异。为了在制造成本、周期和市场快速响应等方面满足市场的需求,提高产品的竞争力,需对锚绞机进行深入系统的理论分析和试验验证。本文结合“φ117链式锚绞机分析与测试”研究项目,针对锚绞机中带式制动器和滚筒设计方法偏于保守的问题,以传热学理论、近代力学、有限元理论和薄壳理论等为基础,以现代试验技术和CAE软件为研究手段,对锚铰机中带式制动器和滚筒等关键零部件的失效机理进行了系统研究,取得了如下的主要研究结论;1)运用挠性体摩擦理论,分析了带式制动器的受力情况;采用SolidWorks软件建立了带式制动器的三维实体模型,运用MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc有限元软件,进行了额定工况和失效工况的机械应力场分析,揭示了制动带应力场的内部分布规律,确定了其强度失效极限载荷的大小;采用应变法测量了制动带额定工况下的应力,试验验证了有限元分析模型的正确性。2)从传热学基本理论出发,分析了摩擦制动器热量产生的机理,建立了带式制动器摩擦片的三维瞬态热传导数学模型,利用MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc软件,对带式制动器进行了重复制动和紧急制动两种制动工况的瞬态温度场分析,揭示了制动过程中摩擦片和制动带的温度分布规律及变化情况。3)运用非线性基本理论,结合接触算法和热-机耦合的基本原理,利用MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc有限元软件,分析了常用工况下带式制动器热-机耦合问题,揭示了制动过程中摩擦片和制动带的温度场和应力场分布规律,探讨了制动过程中沉头螺钉的失效机理。4)采用SolidWorks软件建立了滚筒的三维实体模型,利用MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc有限元软件,进行了额定工况(三种不同外载)和失效工况的机械应力场分析,确定了滚筒强度失效极限载荷大小;采用应变法测量了滚筒在额定工况下的应力,确定了作用在滚筒上的外载荷分布规律,试验验证了有限元分析模型的正确性。5)运用薄壳理论和弹性力学理论,详细分析了滚筒稳定性的计算方法,推导了相应的计算公式;然后应用MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc有限元软件,对滚筒进行了屈曲分析,指出了传统的计算方法过于保守;最后对滚筒进行稳定性失效机理分析,确定了稳定性破坏极限载荷大小。更多还原

【Abstract】 The shipping industry is a strategic industry which provides basic equipments for marine transportation and the ocean development, is also the essential industry foundation which is the safeguards of the national security, guarantees of the national energy strategy and the maintenance of the sea rights and interests. During "the 10th Five-Year Plan" of China, amazing achievements have been obtained in our shipping industry. "The 11th Five-Year Plan" of China is a crucial period for the development of ship-building industry. At present, the development of shipping supplementary equipment is still slow, which restricts the healthy development of our shipping industry seriously.Anchor and mooring handling equipment is one of the key deck machineries, which are vital for the safety of marine transportation. Its present design method is conservative and time consuming, so it is difficult to carry out comprehensive analysis. There are relative high difference between theoretical bearing capacity and actual bearing load. In order to satisfy the market demand on production cost, cycle and market rapid response, and enhance the competitive ability of products, it is necessary to carry out thorough theoretical analysis and experimental research on anchor and mooring handling equipment.The dissertation is supported by the research project on "Φ117 chain type anchor and mooring equipment analysis and test". To improve the present conservative design method for band brake and drum, heat transfer theory, modern mechanics, finite element theory and thin shell theory are employed. Systematic researches have been done based on modern experimental technology and CAE software. Main research conclusions are as follow:1) The basic friction theory of flexible body is used for force analysis of the band brake; its 3D-model is established by using SolidWorks. The mechanical stress fields under the rated condition and the lapse condition are analyzed by employing MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc; the interior stress distribution of the band brake is obtained; its limit load of strength failure has been determined. Also actual stresses of the band brake under the rated condition are measured by strain gauge. Result comparison shows the correctness of the FEA model.2) Based on the heat transfer theory, the mechanism of heat production for brake friction is analyzed; the 3D transient heat conduction mathematical model of band brake is established; with MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc, transient state temperature fields are acquired under the repetition braking condition and the emergency braking condition; the transient temperature distribution on the friction band and the steel band are obtained, some phenomenon and results are shown.3) Using the non-linear elementary theory and combining the contact algorithm with the multi-fields coupling principle, the thermal-mechanical stress coupling of the band brake uses has been analyzed under the normal condition with MSC.Patran/MSC.Marc; the temperature field and coupling stress field are revealed for the braking process, the mechanism of strength failure for connecting bolts are discussed.4) With the SolidWorks, the 3D-model of the drum is established; its mechanical stress field analyses are carried out under the rated condition (three different loads) and the collapse condition; the maximum load of strength failure for the drum has been determined; Stresses of the band brake under the rated condition are measured by strain gauge; by comparing the simulating results and the experimental results, the pressure distribution on the drum is determined; the correctness of the FEA model is verified.5) On the basis of thin shell theory and elastic mechanics, the drum stability computational method is analyzed; the corresponding theoretical formula is derived. Then the buckling analysis of the drum has been done by using MSC.Patran/ MSC.Marc. It is found that the traditional calculation method is too conservative. Finally the stable failure mechanism analysis is carried out for the drum; thus the limit load of destruction is given.更多还原