【作者】 邓健；

【导师】 黄立文；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 我国有着绵长的海岸线和丰富的海洋资源,海洋经济的繁荣极大的促进了国民经济的发展。然而与此同时,海洋上频发的灾害性天气系统对我国沿海地区形成重大的威胁。因此,做好海洋环境(特别是灾害性天气条件下)的预报工作是非常重要的。海洋灾害性天气系统多是中尺度现象,在这些天气过程中,海洋、大气和海浪之间存在着剧烈的相互作用,而且这一相互作用也影响着这些天气过程中大气和海洋变化。因此研制能反映大气-海洋-海浪相互作用细微过程的中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统是提高海洋环境模拟预报水平的重要途径,它对于我国沿海地区的防灾减灾、水上交通安全、海岸工程建设等方面有着极其重要的意义。本文的主要研究工作包含了三个主要部分:(1)建立了一套完整的中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统MCMS。根据对耦合模式系统中的科学和技术问题的分析,确立了采用已有的成熟数值模式为系统的基本模式分量,同时研制“可插拨”的多模式耦合器为耦合信息交换平台的技术方案,构建了耦合模式系统。该耦合模式系统共包含四个部分,分别是中尺度大气模式分量(MM5V3或AREM)、区域海洋模式分量(POM2K或ECOM-si)、海浪模式分量(WAVEWATCHⅢ)和分布式多模式耦合器。在此基础上,为了使得模式系统能够准确的描述中尺度海-气-浪间的相互作用,本文对于耦合界面上大气-海洋-海浪相互作用的耦合物理过程进行了分析,并采用了相应的参数化方案。中国近海海域是海洋灾害性天气多发区域,论文在此区域实现了中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统,并进行了初步有效化检验。模拟研究表明,中尺度海—气—浪模式耦合系统能够稳定、并行地运行,具有良好的运行通信效率,能够准确地描述海—气—浪三者之间的相互作用。(2)运用中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统进行了一类灾害性天气系统—热带气旋(台风)的模拟研究。论文有代表性地分别选取了南海原生性台风和东海过境台风两类台风进行了模拟研究。在此基础上,分析了台风过程中海洋和海浪的响应,着重探讨了台风过程中海-气-浪之间的相互作用,以及初步归纳了这一相互作用对于台风发展和演变的定量影响和作用机制。结果表明,中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统能够良好的模拟台风所产生的海面SST下降、风暴潮、狂风巨浪和台风降水等等现象,且与观测吻合良好。同时,海、气、浪相互之间通过一套完整的正/负反馈机制影响着台风的发展和演变。这都证明了中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统对于海洋灾害性天气系统有良好的模拟预报能力。(3)开展了中尺度海-气-浪耦合模式系统的在水上交通安全环境中的应用研究。MCMS对于海洋环境模拟有着良好性能,除了用于科学研究以外,其在实际业务中应用为生产生活服务也是考察的重点。论文展开了高分辨海-气-浪耦合技术在船舶航行仿真中的应用技术研究。同时,论文针对一具体的港口水域建立了一个完整、灵活的环境动力预报系统,并运用此系统对于该港口水域中水上交通安全环境方面涉及的码头建设通航安全评价、溢油事故应急响应、港口水域污染评估等问题进行了应用研究。结果表明,MCMS能够为狭小水域提供良好的海洋环境数据预报,而进一步为水上交通安全环境所服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country has very long coastal line and abundant ocean resource. The development of ocean economy has greatly enhanced the power of our country. But at the same time, the disastrous synoptic systems which frequently occur over the seas greatly threaten the safety of littoral. So, it is very important to promote the forecast ability of ocean environment. The disastrous synoptic systems are almost all of mesoscale phenomena. During the process of them, there are intense air-sea-wave interactions. Also, the feedback mechanism of air-sea-wave interactions influences the development of the disastrous synoptic systems. Therefore, to develop an air-sea-wave coupled model system which can detail describe the air-sea-wave interaction has become a very important method to promote the forecast ability of ocean environment. It has significant meaning to the disaster prevention, shipping, coastal engineering, etc.The research of this paper includes three main parts:(1) Construct a Mesoscale air-sea-wave Coupled Model System (MCMS). According to the analysis of scientific and technologic questions about the MCMS, the paper chose the developed numerical models as single module and designed a multi-models coupler as information exchange platform. By these two ways, the paper constructed the MCMS. This coupled model system includes four parts: a mesoscale atmospheric module (MM5V3 or AREM), ocean module (P0M2K or ECOM-si), wave module (WAVEWATCHⅢ) and distributed multi-models coupler. On the base of them, as to enable the MCMS can correctly describe the air-sea-wave interaction, the paper studied the physics process between air, sea and wave on the coupled interface. Also, relevant parameterization schemes have been selected. China coastal seas are the place where disastrous synoptic system always occurs. The paper applied MCMS in this area and checked it. Primary simulation indicated that MCMS can run stably and parallelly with good communication efficiency. Also it can correctly describe the mesoscale air-sea-wave interaction.(2) Do the simulation research about disastrous synoptic systems by Mesoscale air-sea-wave Coupled Model. The paper also representatively selected two typical typhoon cases, a typhoon formed in South China Sea and a typhoon passing over East China Sea, as research objects and simulated them by MCMS. On the base of the simulate results, it analyzed the ocean response to the typhoon and discussed the quantitative influence of air-sea-wave interaction to the development of typhoon and its mechanism. The simulation results showed that MCMS can well simulated the response of sea to the typhoon, such as decrease of SST, storm surge, high wind and huge wave, typhoon rainfall, etc. The results were well consist with the observation. At the same time, air-sea-wave interaction influenced the development of typhoon through a positive / negative feedback mechanism. These all proved that MCMS has high forecast ability to the ocean disastrous synoptic system.(3) Applied mesoscale air-sea-wave coupled model system in the field of marine transportation safety and environment. MCMS can well predict the ocean environment. Besides used in science theory research, how about the performance of MCMS used in real activity is also a key point of this paper. A high-resolution coupled model system is used in virtual reality of ship navigation simulation. After that, a flexible version of MCMS was applied in Zhoushan islands. The paper used it in some question of marine transportation safety and environment, such as safety evaluation of navigation environment about harbour building, response simulation of real oil spill accident and environment safety assessment to the port waters. These results all showed that MCMS could provide the correct ocean environment data and serve for the maritime traffic.更多还原