【作者】 杨柳；

【导师】 冯之浚；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 产业经济学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 伴随着生产的长足发展、科技的日益进步，世界经济的规模越来越大，全球化的趋势持续加强，中国的市场化和全球化进程也在不断加快，在此开放环境下国际竞争力研究成为世界性热点问题。作为关系国计民生的重要产业之一，餐饮产业对拉动经济增长、促进经济结构调整、扩大社会就业、传承传统文化、构建和谐社会具有积极、显著的作用。在外资强势餐饮品牌的扩张中，中国餐饮产业面临更大的竞争压力，挖掘竞争优势，提升竞争力成为关系产业发展的关键。餐饮产业竞争力怎样形成，哪些因素影响餐饮产业竞争力，中国餐饮产业竞争力如何，能否在全球化浪潮中与世界跨国餐饮集团抗衡，并通过战略提升将中餐推向世界，扩大中国对世界的影响。本文的研究目的是分析中国餐饮产业竞争力的现状，并为竞争力提升提出相应的对策建议。本文在分析餐饮产业特点的基础上，将产业竞争力的一般理论引入到餐饮领域，对餐饮产业竞争力的理论内涵进行了完整的阐述。本文认为，餐饮产业竞争力是指一国或一地区餐饮产业在与其他国家或地区餐饮产业进行竞争时争夺有利的生产条件和销售条件，所具备的占有市场并持续盈利的能力，包括国际竞争力和国内区域竞争力。本文根据餐饮产业的特点，对波特钻石模型进行了修正和补充，从生产要素、市场需求、相关及辅助产业、企业战略及同业竞争、地理环境和社会文化环境等六个因素出发，解释了餐饮产业竞争力的形成机制。在理论分析的基础上，本文进一步将餐饮产业竞争力延伸为规模扩张能力、盈利能力、开拓创新能力、人才集聚能力、文化驾驭能力、品牌塑造能力和可持续发展能力七大核心能力，并据此建立了餐饮产业竞争力评价体系。在此评价体系的基础上，本文运用因子分析法对中国餐饮产业的国际竞争力和国内区域竞争力进行了综合分析。国际竞争力主要表现在两个方面：一是中国与其他国家餐饮产业的比较，二是国内内资与外资餐饮产业的对比。考虑到数据的可得性和产业的代表性，本文选取美洲、大洋洲、欧洲、亚洲等四大洲的11个国家和中国餐饮产业进行比较分析，研究结果表明，中国餐饮产业的盈利能力较高，但主要来源于较低的人力成本，可持续发展能力较强，但未来应在开拓创新能力、文化驾驭能力、品牌塑造能力、人才集聚能力等方面不断提高。另一方面，国内餐饮产业的竞争力与外资餐饮相比有很大的差距。从国内地区竞争力来看，餐饮产业竞争力的排序依次为，广东、北京、上海、江苏、山东、浙江、重庆、辽宁、四川、湖北、河南、内蒙古、湖南、天津、福建、河北、山西、陕西、安徽、黑龙江、宁夏、吉林、江西、云南、广西、甘肃、新疆、贵州、青海、海南。餐饮产业国际竞争力和国内区域竞争力的差异是由多种因素形成的，本文从经济发展水平、城市化进程、金融等相关辅助产业的发展等角度分析了竞争力差异的原因。当前餐饮产业的国际竞争主要表现在快餐领域，本文在综合分析的基础上，采用标杆分析法，选取2006年度中国餐饮百强企业中的十家快餐企业，即马兰拉面快餐连锁有限责任公司、江苏大娘水饺餐饮有限公司、常州丽华快餐集团有限公司、北京老家快餐有限责任公司、深圳面点王饮食连锁有限公司、深圳市嘉旺餐饮连锁有限公司、宁波市来必堡餐饮有限公司、山东金德利集团快餐连锁有限责任公司、宝钢集团后勤保障公司和广西桂林人集团发展有限公司，与麦当劳、肯德基、赛百味、汉堡王、吉野家、大家乐、大快活等世界著名快餐企业进行竞争力分析。结果表明，中国快餐业的规模扩张能力、盈利能力、品牌塑造能力、开拓创新能力、人才聚集能力和文化驾驭能力依然与国际快餐集团有很大的差距。最后，本文针对目前中国餐饮产业竞争力的现状，从品牌塑造、连锁经营、清洁生产、人才培养、国际化发展等角度对餐饮产业国际竞争力和区域竞争力提升提出了相应的对策建议，以期对中国餐饮产业发展有所裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the great development of production and the technology, the scale of global economy is becoming larger, the industrial structure is being adjusted continually, the service sector is more and more important, globalization is continually strengthened and China speeds up its progress of marketization and globalization.How is the competitiveness of Chinese catering industry? How it competes with foreign transnational catering groups in the globalization tide? Can the Chinese catering industry spread over the world and expand its influence by strategic promotion? These are my focus in this dissertation which aims to analyze current situation of the competitiveness of China’s catering industry and explore how to further promote its core competitiveness.This paper has introduced the general theory of industrial competitiveness to catering field, made some corrections and supplement to the Michael Porter’s Diamond Theory, constructed the theoretical framework for the research of competitiveness of catering industry and made complete discourse on the theory connotation of catering industry’s competitiveness on the basis of analyzing the catering industry characteristics. I define the competitiveness of catering industry, including international and regional competitiveness, as the ability by which a national or a regional catering industry captures the comparative advantages in the aspects of productive resources, market share, economic profit when competing with ones from other countries or regions. The competitiveness of catering industry could be interpreted from seven aspects respectively, which are abilities of expanding market, earning profit, integrated innovation, lure to talented-human-resources, culture-control, environmental competition and sustainable development.This paper has set up a index system to evaluate the competitiveness of catering industry and analyzed empirically the domestic competitiveness among regions and international competitiveness on the basis of theoretical analysis. A general conclusion can be drawn that Guangdong, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Shandong own higher domestic competitive power than Guizhou, Qinghai and Hainan while there’s a big profit gap between catering entities both at home and abroad. Comparing to developed countries, the scale of Chinese catering industrial is smaller. The high level of profitability owes to low cost of labor. From the point of sustainable development, domestic catering industry has strong developing ability. There’s large space for improving industrial competitiveness. The discrepancy of competitive ability between international and domestic is resulted from many kinds of factors. Among these are the level of the economy development, urbanization advancement, development of related industries such as financial etc., geography environment and social cultural environment.Nowadays, the international competition of catering industry is focused on the field of fast food. In this paper, we analyzed in detail the international competitiveness of fast food industry by means of benchmarking analysis on the basis of comprehensive analysis, compared competitive conditions of Chinese famous fast food corporation with those of international fast food groups. The result shows that there is a big gap between Chinese fast food and international fast food groups in the aspects of profitability, innovation and talent-gathering ability.Finally, basing the previous analysis, the corresponding tactics are put forward in this paper for promoting the international competence and domestic regional competence from aspects of brand, chain operation, human resources, circulation economy and internationalization. We hope it is helpful to the development of China’s catering industry.更多还原