区域软环境与中小企业竞争优势研究

【作者】 范钧；

【导师】 黄祖辉；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 企业战略管理， 2007， 博士

【副题名】以浙江制造业为例

【摘要】 企业竞争优势是企业战略管理领域的一个持续研究热点，国内外学者对该问题的研究，经历了从外生到内生、再到内外整合的演进过程。目前学术界对企业竞争优势及其来源的主流观点已基本形成，即以企业内部资源、能力或知识为竞争优势的核心要素，外部环境则通过与上述要素间的互动作用，对企业竞争优势施加重要影响。且随着研究的不断深入，区域软环境作为外部环境的重要组成部分，其对企业竞争优势的影响作用越来越引起学术界的高度关注。而我国区域软环境的现状特征，以及中小企业在规模、实力和市场范围等方面的局限性，使我国中小企业竞争优势的获取和保持，与区域软环境更为休戚相关。在以中小型制造业企业为主要企业形态的浙江省，区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势的影响作用十分显著。因此，本论文以浙江制造业为例，所开展的关于区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素作用机制问题的研究工作，具有较大的理论研究价值和实践指导意义。本论文的主要研究工作包括文献综述、模型构建和实证分析三个阶段。在文献综述阶段，本论文系统总结了国内外学术界在企业竞争优势、区域软环境等相关领域的理论和实证研究进展，以为本研究的开展奠定理论基础并获取经验借鉴。在模型构建阶段，本论文先通过全面梳理和分析提炼，从理论上构建起中小企业竞争优势和区域软环境要素体系，并对各具体要素进行了界定和分析；再通过归纳演绎和逻辑推理，就区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势可能存在的显著性要素作用路径进行系统分析，从而构建起区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素作用机制的理论模型，并提出相应的研究假设。在实证分析阶段，本论文先设计出各研究变量的测量量表和相应的调查问卷，并通过专家学者、企业家访谈和小样本预调查加以修改和完善；再通过大范围的问卷调查，获得浙江省内7个地市级行政区域170家中小型制造业企业的横截面研究数据；在此基础上，运用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对各要素体系及其测量量表的信度和效度进行检验，运用方差分析对各要素的区域间差异进行判断，运用回归分析对要素间因果关系假设进行初步验证；运用结构方程分析对模型进行拟合检验并加以必要的修正，同时对各研究假设进行检验；最后通过对实证分析结果的深入探讨，确立区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素作用模型。通过全面深入的理论和实证分析，本论文得出以下研究结论：①中小企业竞争优势要素体系由人力资源、财务资源、关系资源、管理能力、生产能力、技术创新能力、营销能力和企业家能力8个具体来源要素构成；②区域软环境要素体系由政府服务环境、社会文化环境、商业法制环境、市场环境、教育科技环境和金融服务环境6个具体要素构成；③区域政府服务环境对中小企业财务资源和技术创新能力具有显著的正向影响作用；④区域社会文化环境对中小企业管理能力和营销能力具有显著的正向影响作用；⑤区域商业法制环境对中小企业关系资源具有显著的正向影响作用；⑥区域市场环境对中小企业关系资源和管理能力具有显著的正向影响作用；⑦区域教育科技环境对中小企业人力资源、生产能力、技术创新能力和企业家能力均具有显著的正向影响作用；⑧区域金融服务环境对中小企业财务资源具有显著的正向影响作用。本论文的理论价值和创新之处主要体现在以下三个方面：①提出了研究中小企业竞争优势的区域软环境新视角，这一研究视角的提出将外部环境对企业竞争优势的影响，从竞争环境(或任务环境)拓展至区域软环境层面，并充分考虑了企业的规模特征，因而是对已有企业竞争优势和企业外部环境理论的有效补充；②构建了影响中小企业竞争优势的区域软环境要素体系，这一体系的构建基于对已有相关研究成果的系统总结和分析提炼，并得到了实证分析的有效支持，同时充分考虑了区域软环境所特有的中国背景下的情景依赖性，因而为促进区域软环境研究形成一个完整、科学的理论体系做出了较大贡献；③确立了区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素作用机制的理论模型，这一理论模型就区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素影响作用的强弱程度、显著性和具体表现形式等问题进行了系统分析和描述，其科学性和有效性也得到了实证分析的充分验证，因而对现有区域软环境与企业竞争优势关系研究的进一步深入具有较大的推动作用。为对研究工作进行系统论述，本论文共分六个章节展开。第一章为绪论部分，主要提出了本论文所要研究的问题，并交待了相关研究背景、目的意义、研究对象、研究内容、研究方法、技术路线和论文框架结构；第二章为文献综述部分，主要对前人已有在企业竞争优势、区域软环境等相关领域的研究成果进行系统总结；第三章为模型构建和假设提出部分，主要通过归纳演绎和逻辑推理，构建起区域软环境对中小企业竞争优势要素作用机制的理论模型，并提出相应的研究假设；第四章为问卷设计和研究数据获取部分，主要对问卷设计过程和基本结构、变量具体测量方法、研究样本选择、研究数据收集，以及研究样本基本情况和数据质量进行了说明和分析；第五章为模型实证分析部分，主要通过探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、结构方程模型分析等方法，对测量的信度和效度、模型的拟合度，以及各研究假设进行检验，并通过分步修正确立最终理论模型；第六章为研究结论和展望部分，主要提出本文的研究结论，并对本研究的理论价值、创新之处和实践意义，以及研究局限性和进一步研究展望进行了论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of enterprise’s competitive advantage unremittingly remains hot in the realm of business strategic management. Such researches at home and abroad have undergone an evolution from internal theory to external theory, and then to integration theory. In the present academic community, mainstream views on enterprise’s competitive advantage and its source have primarily come into being, i.e. such core elements as resources, capabilities and knowledge of the firm, together with the external environment - via its interactions with these elements - exert crucial influences on enterprise’s competitive advantage. Moreover, as researches deepen, the effects of regional soft environment as a vital constituent of external environment on firm competitive advantage are attracting increasingly strong attention in the academic world. On top of that, the status and features of Chinese soft environment, and the limitations of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of their size, strength, markets share, and the like, make SMEs’ obtainment and sustainment of competitive advantage relate with regional soft environment greatly. In Zhejiang, a Chinese province where small and medium-sized manufacturers dominate its business typology, the effects of regional soft environment on SMEs’ competitive advantage are abundantly conspicuous. Therefore, this paper, taking the manufacturing industry of Zhejiang province as an example and focusing on functionalities of regional soft environment on elements of SMEs’ competitive advantage, is of both theoretical value and practical guidance.The study in this paper has experienced three major stages including literature review, modeling, and empirical analysis. In the stage of literature review, theories on enterprise’s competitive advantage, regional soft environment and other related fields prevailing at home and abroad and progresses in empirical research in theses fields are summarized systematically so as to lay a theoretic foundation for the proceeding of this research and to learn from existing experience. In the stage of modeling, based on thorough kickoff screening, analysis and distilment, the paper sets up a theoretic system for elements of SMEs’ competitive advantage and regional soft environment, and further defines and analyzes each specific element. Through induction and deduction as well as logical reasoning, the possible approaches of the regional soft environment as functional element on SMEs’ competitive advantage are analyzed systematically, based on which a theoretical model of functionalities is established -and corresponding hypotheses are proposed. In the stage of empirical analysis, the paper first works out some measuring indicators for all the variables in the research and corresponding questionnaire, which are amended and consummated via interviews with specialists, scholars and entrepreneurs and small-sample pre-surveying before the cross-section data for study of 170 small and medium-sized manufacturers in 7 prefecture-level and city-level administrative regions in Zhejiang province are obtained through large-scale questionnaires. Based on the foregoing, the paper checks out the reliability and validity of different systems of elements and their measuring indicators through EFA and CFA, preliminarily verifies the hypotheses of causal relationship between the factors through regression analysis, conducts tests of fitting of and makes necessary corrections to the model as well as tests all the hypothesis through SEM, and finally establishes the model of functionalities of regional soft environment as functional element on SMEs’ competitive advantage through in-depth probe into the results of the empirical analyses.By thorough and in-depth theoretical and empirical analyses, the following conclusions are drawn through study in this paper: 1) The system of elements for SMEs’ competitive advantage is composed of eight concrete-sources including human resource, financial resource, relationship resource, administrative capability, manufacturing capacity, technological innovation capacity, marketing capability, and entrepreneur competence. 2) The system of elements for regional soft environment is composed of six concrete elements including governmental service environment, socio-cultural environment, legal environment of commerce, market environment, educational and technological environments, and financial service environment. 3) Regional governmental service environment has considerable positive effects on SMEs’ financial resources and technological innovation capacity. 4) Regional socio-cultural environment has considerable positive effects on SMEs’ administrative and marketing capabilities. 5) Regional legal environment of commerce have considerable positive effects on SMEs’ relationship resource. 6) Regional market environment has considerable positive effects on SMEs’ relationship resource and administrative capability. 7) Regional educational and technological environments have considerable positive effects on SMEs’ human resources, manufacturing capacity, technological innovation capacity, and entrepreneur competence. And 8) Regional financial service environment has considerable positive effects on SMEs’ financial resource.The theoretic value and innovativeness of this paper are mostly embodied in the following three aspects: 1) It offers a fresh perspective of regional soft environment to study SMEs’ competitive advantage. Expanding the influences of external environment on enterprise’s competitive advantage from environment of competition (or task environment) to regional soft environment, and giving full consideration to SMEs’ characteristics in size, that perspective constitutes effective supplementation to the existing theories on enterprise’s competitive advantage and external environment. 2) It fabricates the system of elements of regional soft environment influential to SMEs’ competitive advantage. Based on the systematic summarization and analytical distilment of the author’s own research findings and effectively backed by empirical analyses as well as taking into full account the dependence on circumstances of the Chinese context peculiar to regional soft environment, this fabrication has served as a weighty contribution to bringing the study of regional soft environment into a complete and scientific theoretical system. And 3) It establishes a theoretical model of regional soft environment as functional element on SMEs’ competitive advantage. Having systematically analyzed and depicted the intensity, significance and specific manifestation, and the like, of the effects of regional soft environment on the elements for SMEs’ competitive advantage, and fully verified their scientificalness and effectiveness by means of empirical analyses, this model gives impetus to further study of the relationship between regional soft environment and enterprise’s competitive advantage.The systematic expatiation of this paper proceeds in six parts. Chapter One, the introductory part, puts forward the question for study in this paper, and makes clear related research background, purpose and significance, subject matter, research content, methodology, technical approaches, and framework of this paper. Chapter Two, literature review, is a systematic summarization of the research findings available of the predecessors on enterprise’s competitive advantage, regional soft environment, and other related fields. Chapter Three, modeling and hypothesizing, constructs a theoretical model of regional soft environment as functional element on SMEs’ competitive advantage through induction, deduction and logical reasoning, and brings forward corresponding hypotheses for the study. Chapter Four, questionnaire design and data obtainment, explains and analyzes the process and primary structure of questionnaire design, specific measuring methods for variables, selection of samples, collection of data, and general status and data quality of the research samples. Chapter Five, empirical analysis of the model, tests the reliability and validity of the measures, the fitting of the model, and the hypotheses for the study mainly through EFA, CFA and SEM, etc., establishes the ultimate theoretic model by multiple-step corrections. Finally, Chapter Six, research conclusion and prospect, mainly formulates the conclusion of the study, and expounds on the theoretical value, innovations and practical significance, as well as limitations of the study and prospect of further study.更多还原