【作者】 邓一峰；

【导师】 徐祥民；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境规划与管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 环境保护已日益成为社会关注的焦点,诉讼推进环境保护形成;环境诉讼属于环境保护制度的一部分,而且是环境保护的最后一道防线。环境诉讼制度是解决环境问题,保护国家、社会环境公共利益和人类环境利益而采取的一项司法救济措施,其在国外已被广泛接受并形成较为成熟的诉讼制度。随着我国社会与法制的发展,建立环境诉讼制度逐渐成为当前我国诉讼领域关注的一个重要课题。环境诉讼制度的设立不仅关系到国家、社会公共利益的有效维护,还有利于我国司法制度的进一步完善,但由于环境诉讼在我国立法和司法领域还可以说是一片盲区,这就决定了对环境诉讼制度的研究既有必要,又非常艰难。当前,已有很多学者开始了对环境诉讼制度的研究,但仍存在很多理论上的空白和认识上的不一致等需要进一步加以探讨。为此,论文在考查以往与环境有关的民事、行政和环境公益三种诉讼制度的基础上,对我国环境诉讼制度从宏观、中观和微观三个层次进行了探讨,最后对我国环境诉讼制度的建设做了一些思考。由环境为媒介引发的环境侵权民事责任是环境侵权民事诉讼形成和发展的基础。故以环境侵权责任为基础建立的环境侵权民事诉讼,其程序保障功能只能给予由环境媒介引发的人身、财产权益的“私的损害”的填补,并不能给予由环境侵害导致环境污染、生态破坏而影响甚至危及环境利益、人类的生存与发展等环境公益以保障。论文认为环境侵权民事诉讼本质上就是民事诉讼,或者说是民事诉讼的特例。论文通过对以往环境行政诉讼基础理论评析,及其制度功能的检讨,认为其在最终实现环境保护目标时陷人困境。就其性质而言,仍然摆脱或超越不了传统意义上的对“私人利益”的救济,而不能对由行政侵权导致环境污染、生态破坏所侵害的环境利益、人类的生存与发展等环境公益予以救济,所以,传统或现行的所谓“环境行政诉讼”与现代环境法无法接轨。随着人们环境意识的提高,越来越多的公民期盼运用法律保护国家、社会和公众的合法权益,因此,环境公益诉讼也引起人们的关注,并为英美、大陆法系国家环境立法、司法广泛采用。论文通过对西方国家环境公益诉讼特性、模式和典型样态的静态考查,及美欧环境公益诉讼制度演变的动态考查,认为此种制度值得我们研究和借鉴。对环境诉讼制度的界定与我国环境诉讼制度的形成、发展的探究,是本文承上启下、基石性部分。论文一方面就环境诉讼进行分析解读,进而对环境诉讼作出界定;另一方面针对目前环境诉讼在实体、程序法方面存在无可依托的现状,得出判断,我国实际上还没有真正建立环境诉讼制度。因此,论文提出以“环境诉讼”为基点来建构我国环境诉讼制度,其发展趋势和最终目的应与环境法一样,是保护环境。关于环境诉讼的理论基础,论文宏观上从哲学、文化、经济和法律视角,探索了落实科学发展观的环境保护新思路。它为我们全面审视已有诉讼法理论与实践,创设新的诉讼法理论奠定认识论与方法论基础;中观上从法理学、法经济学和法哲学方面分析建立我国环境诉讼法律制度的理论依据;微观上试图运用比较法学方面的程序保障、当事人资格、私人检察总长、公共信托等理论知识,探索构建我国环境诉讼制度的基本理论和路径。论文最后探讨建构我国环境诉讼制度的基本制度、相关配套程序保障制度、司法保障制度,以及解决我国环境诉讼上的程序性问题的路径选择。至此,论文在环境公益诉讼的基础上,初次对我国环境诉讼制度的构建从理论基础、制度建设等方面做了科学、系统地尝试性论证,这将无疑具有理论和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental Protection has increasingly become the focus of social concern, and promoting it through litigation has turn to necessary. Environmental litigation is a part of the system of environmental protection, and is the last line of defense. Environmental litigation system is a solution to environmental problem, a justice measure to protect the country and social environment, the public interest and the human’s environmental rights. It has been widely accepted and more mature abroad. With the development of Chinese society and the legal system, environmental litigation system has gradually become an important topic in our litigation concerns. Environmental litigation’s establishment is not only related to protect the interests of our country and the public, but also conducive to the further improvement of China’s judicial system. However, environmental litigation was also said to be a blind spot in our country’s legislative and judicial practice field. This determines that the research about it is not only necessary but also very difficult. At present, many scholars have begun to study the environmental litigation, but there are still many theoretical and institutional gaps needing to be explored further.Therefore, this paper rationally analyzes of environmental civil litigation, environmental administrative proceedings and environmental public interest litigation about environment, raises China’s environmental litigation system. The paper makes a macro, meso and micro study comprehensively and puts forward some ideas about environmental litigation’s basic system.Environmental violations and environmental civil liability are the basis of the formation and development of environmental civil tort litigation. Environmental tort is a part of environmental violations. Therefore, the environmental tort case based on environmental tort liability can only fill the personal and property rights of "private damage" and can’t protect environmental rights, human survival and development which are facing environmental pollution and the threat of ecological damage caused by environmental violations.Environmental civil tort litigation is essentially a civil litigation or is a special case. The paper analyzes the theoretical basis of environmental administrative action and believes that China’s environmental administrative litigation system falls into a predicament in achieving the goals of environmental protection. By its very nature, environmental administrative proceedings are still unable to shake off the traditional sense of "private interest", and can’t remedy environmental rights, human survival and development that may be damaged by environmental pollution and ecological destruction caused by chief infringement. Therefore, the traditional or the so-called "administrative action" doesn’t converge with modern environmental law. We need to build a new environmental litigation.With the environmental awareness increasing, more and more citizens hope to use the law to protect the country, society and the public’s legitimate rights and interests, so environment and public environmental interest litigation has also aroused people’s concern. It is widely used in environmental legislation and judicial fields by Common law and Civil law countries. The paper discusses the characteristics, models and patterns of the public environmental interest litigation in static inspection, analyzes the evolution of environmental litigation system and the eligibility and believes that such a system is worthy of our study and emulate.The definition of our country’s environmental litigation system and the formation and development of our countries’environmental litigation system are the nexus and cornerstone part of this paper. The paper comes to a conclusive definition on the definition of environmental litigation on the basis of the analysis of environmental litigation. Also, from the perspective of the substantive law and a procedural point of law, China actually has not really established environmental litigation. So the paper makes "environmental litigation" as the starting point to construct China’s environmental litigation. The same as environmental law, environmental litigation’s goal is the protection of the environment.There are three inspections about the theoretical basis for environmental action. The first is Macro-inspection. This paper wants to explore new ideas for implementing the scientific development concept of environmental protection from a philosophical, cultural, economic and legal perspective in order to lay a foundation of knowledge and methodology for having a comprehensive look at the theory and practice of environmental law and litigation and creating new environmental laws and procedural theory. The second is meso-inspection. The paper studies environmental litigation system from jurisprudence, philosophy of law and economics perspective. The third is microscopic inspection. The paper attempts to use theoretical knowledge of comparative Law, the Private Attorney General Theory, the private law enforcement theory and the public trust theory in order to explore the establishment of environmental litigation system’s basic theory and basic ideas.The paper points out how to establish our country’s environmental litigation system, procedural safeguards system, judicial guarantee system and the route choice of establishing our country’s environmental proceedings system at last. Thus, the paper does a scientific, systematic attempted demonstration about our country’s environmental litigation from the point of theoretical basis and system development on the basis of environmental public interest litigation, which will have theoretical and practical significance undoubtedly.更多还原