【作者】 罗湘林；

【导师】 任海；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2005， 博士

【副题名】以一个自然村落为个案

【摘要】 2004年,作为首次由国家体育总局倡导的“农村体育年”,风风火火地展开了运作。但在理论上如何认识农村体育、在实践中如何更好地施展,仍是一个值得商榷的课题。当前在这些领域的体育学研究,大都表现为现状调查、逻辑推演,而缺乏脚踏实地的系统研究。因此深入一个具体的村落、做个案的分析,将是对原有研究定势的一个突破和进步。并且,对“村落体育”进行考察与分析,是我们正确认识农村体育问题、采取可行措施的起点。本文以个案研究作为切入点,探寻了“村落体育”的内涵、结构因素、活动特征、发生机制和功能,因尝试着从宏观以及理论层面上进行更多的辨析,故应具有一定的普遍解释性。因此总结为一般意义上的“村落体育”,结论为:1、“村落体育”的概念,可表述为在农村村落环境下的,以村民为主体,以自在的或混含着娱乐消闲、健体等目的,所进行的非生产性的身体运动的统称。它是村落开展的区域性群众体育,具有形态的含糊性、意义的丰富性、活动的自在性、资源的本土性、投入的全面性等特点,与现代体育占主要内容的城市社区体育有着不一样的风格。2、“村落体育”的结构,可分解为体育活动主体、体育活动条件和体育活动形式三个构成要素。按主体之别,可分类成“村落性的活动”、“小群体活动”、“个体性的活动”三类。体育活动条件不仅有物质方面的,而且有精神方面的。体育活动则有“仪式性”、“功利性”、“娱乐性”等多种类型。并且,“村落体育”的各个要素之间,存在着紧密的内在关联。3、“村落体育”的功能,它是综合性的,但也是含糊的,包括有文化、社会和个人三个层面的多种功能。在个体层面上,村落体育能够达到建构身体、建构身份以及建构与他人关系等一些目的,在社会层面上,起着支撑村落体制、团体等的存在与维持村落秩序的有序性等作用;在文化层面上,提供了某种意义,保证了村落传统的延续与种种条件的再生产。4、“村落体育”的发展沿革,在社会变迁中表现出的调适特征,彰显出其弹性和韧性,但大多处于被动状态,受制于社会、文化、生活方式等因素的影响,呈现出不同阶段性的特点。从文化的视角看待,所调查的村落体育呈现出从“观念型文化”到“感觉型文化”,再到“观念型文化”,如此依次反复的现象,是否有着内在的规律性,或许是值得进一步探讨的有趣问题。5、“村落体育”的意义,它作为农村体育的最基本的社会单位,不仅具有地域与人口的代表性,而且具备文化的典型性和完整性;不仅能够达到体育健身的功效,而且充满着健康文化娱乐的精神价值。其研究的实践和理论价值,是值得学者们去关注、探索的。6、由此从“村落体育”研究的视角,论述了当前社会变迁中的我国农村体育前景和一些应对策略。即在态度上开放、认识上求真、方法上切实、资源上本土、组织上兼容等。更多还原

【Abstract】 General Administration of Sport of China had launched and organized many kinds of sports activities for the first“sports year in countryside”in 2004, however, how to execute well is still a problem which is needed to discuss. Now most research only focus on investigation on status quo and logical inference, and are lacking of systematic researches. So there will be a breakthrough to explore a case study of a certain village. Furthermore, that is a starting point for solving effectively the problem of understanding and executing sports in countryside.The study, making use of case study, explored the connotation of village sports, its structure, feature, mechanism and function. For analyzing village sports in macrostructural and theoretical way, the follows should be summarized as general explanatory conclusion.Firstly, the concept of“village sports”could be defined by the general designation of many kinds of body activities and games that villagers play, which excluded work for amusement or health in rural setting, and its trait was provided with ambiguity of form, abundance of meaning , activity of unconsciousness, resource of nativism, overall devotion. It was dramatically different from community sports in city.Secondly, the form of village sports could consist of actor, condition and doings. Village sports can be classified into village activity, subgroup activity and individual activity by the angle of actor. It’s condition could be divided into material and spirit. Doings could be classified into ritual activity, utility activity and entertainment. All this factors related to each other tightly.Thirdly, function of village sports was omnibus and obscure, and it include several aspects: culture, society and personality. Village sports could build individual body and status, maintain community order, provide some culture meaning for villager.Fourthly, history of village sports was affected by many factors, such as society, culture and lifestyle. So, it showed trait at different phases. By the angle of cultural view, the village sports presented itself in a circle way, which moved from the type of ideal culture to the type of sensual culture, then moved back. So, there might be a rule, of which both types were always inclined to moving to each other in turn.Fifthly, village sports, being one basic social unite of sports in countryside, not only was the representative in many areas and population in china, but have typicalness and integrality in culture. It also could exercise people’s body and enrich their spirit.Sixthly, by the angle of village sports, the prospect of“country sports”in changing china was discussed, and then some strategies to deal with this problem were provided. which were holding flexible attitude and correct idea, taking practical method, relying on one’s native resource, and being in comprehensive organization。更多还原