【作者】 张黎明；

【导师】 陈维政；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 企业管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 企业的发展和壮大需要有效的战略管理，其中战略导向的选择至关重要。战略导向关系着企业战略制订者对企业未来发展态势的基本判断和决策，是企业战略管理的出发点和基础。西方研究者以西方发达市场经济背景下的企业为对象针对性地开展了有关战略导向的研究，取得了很多的研究成果，但同时也存在需要努力完善的领域。在针对西方发达市场经济背景下企业的研究取得进展的同时，对转轨背景下的企业战略导向研究还没有得到充分的重视，研究开展的广度和深度都尚显不足。中国作为转轨经济中的特殊类型，这一背景对企业战略导向的影响也还没有得到深入的分析和研究。因此，对战略导向的理论和企业实践的丰富都需要针对中国转轨背景下的企业战略导向选择开展专门的研究。本论文的研究正是从以上问题出发来展开。首先，开展了必要的文献研究。通过对战略导向概念的回顾和分析，明确了战略导向的基本内涵，清晰了战略导向与战略的区别和联系，从而界定了本论文研究在战略管理研究领域中的范畴。随后对战略导向类型的回顾发现对战略导向的认识经历了从最初的划分为客户导向和竞争导向，到依据特定的双维度进行划分，直到后来的通过多个测量维度来综合理解战略导向的过程。这为本论文研究的后续开展奠定了有关战略导向分析的理论基础。最后，对目前有关中国企业战略导向选择的国内外文献进行了回顾，虽然发现现有的研究十分不足，但也得到了一些基础性的信息，帮助后续研究进一步明确了努力方向。战略导向是企业战略的首要组成部分，所以也同样受到企业内外部因素的影响。本论文研究从这一规律出发，分别对影响企业战略导向的外部因素和内部因素进行了分析。企业外部因素的影响实际上体现为环境不确定性的影响。环境不确定性来源于环境的资源和信息供给特性。企业的环境不确定性包含了动态性、复杂性和敌对性。企业内部因素的影响集中体现为企业战略能力的影响。企业战略能力包含资源能力、通用能力和动态能力三个方面。通过对环境不确定性和战略能力的分析和认识，本论文研究并建立起了一个环境不确定性和战略能力双重作用下的企业战略导向选择的理论框架，并进而指出了战略导向选择对企业绩效的影响，据此提出了三个理论假设作为后续的实证研究的基础。为了对在理论分析上提出的理论假设进行检验，本论文开展了针对性的实证研究。由于调查研究能够很好地满足研究所需要的样本规模和信息需要，本论文在借鉴以前研究者的研究设计的基础上，设计出了本论文研究所需要的调查问卷，并对问卷进行了必要的内容效度检验以确保调查问卷的效果。通过对东西部企业的广泛调查，经过问卷筛选，最后得到了以中国东西部国有和民营为对象的有效样本。在对样本数据处理的基础上，本论文研究主要采用Pearson相关分析和多元回归分析，对三个理论假设进行了检验，发现环境不确定性和战略能力都对企业的战略导向选择有显著的影响，进而企业战略导向的选择会影响到企业的绩效。中国企业战略导向选择的特殊性在于受到中国转轨背景下特殊环境和能力状况的影响。这种影响尤其是体现在企业所有制性质和企业所属区域的影响上。为了深入分析这种影响，本论文首先以中国东西部国有企业为对象展开了研究。以中国东西部地区国有企业样本为基础，分析了环境不确定性和战略能力分别影响中国东西部国有企业战略导向选择的规律。然后对中国东西部国有企业战略导向选择的相关事项进行了检验，发现了东西部国有企业在环境不确定性、战略能力、战略导向和企业绩效上的差异。本论文除了针对性地分析中国东西部国有企业战略导向选择的差异外，对中国东西部民营企业的战略导向选择也展开了专门的研究。首先对东西部民营企业的战略导向选择进行了理论分析，然后以调查得到的东西部民营企业样本为基础，对其战略导向选择的相关规律进行了统计分析，最后也对比分析了东西部民营企业在环境不确定性、战略能力、战略导向和企业绩效上的差异。在以调查研究为基础开展实证检验的基础上，为了进一步深化本研究的理论价值，对中国企业的战略导向选择取得更全面的认识，本论文开展了案例研究。案例研究分别以小角楼、中兴通讯和华立股份为研究对象，采用前面理论分析和调查实证的结果，对三家企业不同的战略导向选择进行了分析。这些企业分别位于不同的行业，面临不同的环境不确定性，拥有不同的战略能力，也因此采用了不同的战略导向，并最终产生了差异化的企业绩效。这进一步加深了对中国企业战略导向选择的理解，在更多的实践和理论层次上得到了全面的信息，对补充调查研究和开启将来的研究都有非常重大的意义。在本论文的最后对主要结论进行了总结，对论文的创新点进行了概括，并就本论文对实践的指导提出了政策建议。由于本论文受到研究时间、研究条件等的限制，因此只完成了一定范围内的研究工作，还存在需要改进和完善的地方，所以对论文研究的后续研究方向也给予了讨论，指出了可能的研究领域和方向，希望能够在后续的研究中有针对性地开展。本论文研究的主要创新之处在于：(1)建立了环境不确定性和战略能力共同作用下的战略导向选择框架；(2)拓展了中国背景下战略导向的研究，弥补了以前这方面研究的不足；(3)提出并验证了企业战略导向选择的相关假设；(4)提出并验证了中国企业战略导向选择的内部差异化实际，发现了中国企业战略导向选择的内部特殊性。本研究的开展丰富了有关战略导向选择的理论体系，对后续的研究作出了基础性的研究贡献。此外，本研究的开展提供了认识和分析中国企业战略导向的工具和资料，将为中国企业的战略导向实践提供积极的参考和指引。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of enterprises needs effective strategic management in which strategic orientation is very important. Strategic orientation is the basic judgment and decision of senior mangers about enterprises’ future directions, and is the start-point of strategic management. Based on the advanced market economy in the west countries, researchers have studied the strategic orientation a lot and made much progress. But the strategic orientation of enterprises in the transitional economies has not got enough attention and needs further research. Especially the characteristics of China reform have special influence on strategic orientation of Chinese enterprises, which needs specific research.To answer the questions of strategic orientation of Chinese enterprises is the objective of this dissertation. At first necessary literature review is done. The concept of strategic orientation is analyzed and reviewed to identify the difference and relationship between strategic orientation and strategic management. The research on strategic orientation in the past began with study of customer orientation and competition orientation. Later researchers use different two dimensions to clarify strategic orientation. But at last researchers find out that dimension measures must be used to study the strategic orientation of firms. This dissertation agrees with this opinion and used this method to study the strategic orientation. At the end of literature review, the past researches on strategic orientation of Chinese enterprises are reviewed, which is limited but also provide some reference to this research at the same time.Because strategic orientation is important component of strategic management, it is also decided by external and internal factors. Based on this basic rule, the external and internal factors that will influence the strategic orientation are analyzed separately. The external factors could be represented by environmental uncertainty, which includes dynamism, complexity and hostility. The internal factors could be studied in the point of strategic capability, which includes resource competence, general competence and dynamic competence. Through academic analysis a model of strategic orientation influenced by both environmental uncertainty and strategic capability is established, and three theoretic propositions are pointed out.To approve the theoretic propositions empirical researches is conducted specifically. On consideration of validity of research, one questionnaire is finished based on the past-related researches and tested. Survey was conducted among the enterprises in the west and east of China, and useful database was obtained. Using Pearson related analysis and multiple regression analysis, the significant impact of environmental uncertainty and strategic capability is found. The analysis also found the influence of strategic orientation on enterprise performance. The three propositions are approved.The strategic orientation of Chinese enterprises is influenced by the special conditions of Chinese transition from plan economy to market economy, in which ownership and area are the most typical. To study the influence of the two factors, this dissertation analyzed the state-owned enterprises in the west and east of China firstly. The impact of environmental uncertainty and strategic capability on strategic orientation of the state-owned enterprises in the west and east of China is analyzed. Comparative studies on environmental uncertainty, strategic capability, strategic orientation, and enterprise performance is conducted between the state-owned enterprises in the west and the east, and significant difference is found and discussed.Besides study on the state-owned enterprises in the west and east of China, strategic orientation of private enterprises in the east and west of China is also researched exclusively. The impact of environmental uncertainty and strategic capability on strategic orientation is also tested. The difference of environmental uncertainty, strategic capability, strategic orientation, and enterprise performance between the private enterprises in the west and east of China is also analyzed. Significant difference is also found in the empirical tests.After the survey case researches are carried out to further this research. Three companies, XIAOJIAOLOU, ZHONGXING, and HUALI, in different industries, different environments, and different strategic capabilities are studied deeply using the academic model established, which bring more detailed information and material about the practices of strategic orientation of Chinese enterprises.At the end of this dissertation, findings of this research are concluded, and innovation of this research is generated. Based on the findings of this research, related suggestions to local government and enterprises are also provided. On consideration of time and research condition limited, more research could be carried out after this research. The possible research direction and area are discussed at last.This dissertation made progress in the following:(1)establish the model of strategic orientation influenced by both environmental uncertainty and strategic capability; (2)widen the research on strategic orientation in the background of China; (3)point out and test the related rules of strategic orientation;(4)find out the internal difference in China. This research contributed to the theory of strategic orientation and could provide useful reference to the practice of strategic orientation, especially in China.更多还原