节点文献
巨桉短周期工业原料林营养诊断指标体系研究
Study on Nutrient Diagnosis Index System of Short-cycle Eucalyptus Grandis Industry Material Plantation
【作者】 冯茂松；
【导师】 张健；
【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 森林培育学， 2007， 博士
【摘要】 在实施天然林保护工程和退耕还林工程后，由于受到纤维原料供需矛盾的影响，我国大力发展短周期工业原料人工林。四川在近几十年来大力发展巨桉桉树人工林，已形成上百万亩的规模，取得了良好的经济、生态和社会效益。目前，有关巨桉人工林立地选择、种源筛选、栽培技术、经营管理技术的研究较多，但有关巨桉林分的养分供求关系和养分交互作用以及营养状况与生产量之间的相互关系仍然不十分清楚。因此，通过巨桉人工林养分阈值、养分平衡、养分交互等关系的研究，建立一套切实可行的营养诊断标准用于巨桉人工林的养分管理，对指导科学施肥，维持地力，降低浪费，减轻环境压力具有重要的科学意义。同时也可为其他速生工业原料林（如杨树、松树等）的养分管理提供借鉴。生产基地一旦选定，在影响人工林产量的因素中，遗传因素、气候因素、地形地貌因素很难通过有效措施进行人为控制和改善，经营技术因素的产量提升空间不大，唯独养分是影响工业原料林可持续经营最重要的因素，因此在假定其他因素可控或相对可控条件下，本研究以四川巨桉人工林分布范围（包括泸州、宜宾、乐山、眉山、洪雅、蒲江、彭山、新津等地）为总体，按照典型布样，分别林分年龄、立地条件、林分生长状况设立20m×20m标准地60个。并于2004年12月至2005年1月调查各标准地林分生长量、立地等级，采集土壤和叶片样品进行11种必需养分元素的分析。研究结果如下：1．分别进行林分产量与土壤物理因子、土壤养分浓度、叶片养分浓度，土壤养分浓度与叶片养分浓度，叶片养分浓度与叶片养分浓度之间的相关性分析，检验结果表明：土壤pH值、土层厚度、石砾含量、土壤速效P、土壤交换性Ca、Mg、土壤速效Fe、Cu、Zn等是影响巨桉人工林产量的重要因子，而N、K、Mn等元素由于土壤中含量较为充足，限制作用较小。植物叶片养分中Ca、Mg、P、Fe、B、N、Zn、Cu是重要的养分浓度指标，与生长量之间存在显著的相关关系，可作为养分供应和吸收状况的标志。在养分平衡关系中，Ca、Zn、Cu、P等元素与其他养分元素之间的平衡关系更加重要，表现为高N、Zn、Cu、Mn和低Ca有利于产量的增加。2．根据林分产量指标（胸径、树高、单株材积、林分蓄积）与叶片养分浓度之间的二次函数关系，可计算达到85％～90％最高产量的临界浓度，其计算检验结果如下：由于临界值法容易受年龄、生长时期、降水、温度、湿度等气候因素以及其他养分互作关系的影响，从而在诊断中出现了明显的误诊。S、Cu、Zn养分均不能获得有效诊断结果；Ca和P诊断值为负，与实际情况不符；K、Fe、Mn等的临界方程未达显著水平，可信度较低；N、B等的临界方程仅有一半达显著水平；Mg可得出较为一致的诊断结果，可信度较高，其最适浓度为17.21～17.30g·kg-1。3．根据各标准地产量划分产量组，并计算各养分元素浓度及其比值的平均值、标准差、变异系数、方差，选择高产组与低产组的方差比显著的因子作为诊断参数，并以高产组平均值作为诊断标准，其诊断结果为：在DRIS诊断法中，共筛选出43个诊断指标（N、P、Fe、B、N／Zn、P／N、P／K、P／Ca、P／Zn、P／B、K／N、K／Zn、Ca／N、Ca／Zn、Ca／Mn、Ca／B、Mg／N、Mg／P、Mg／K、Mg／B、S／N、S／Mg、S／Zn、Cu／N、Cu／P、Cu／K、Cu／Mg、Cu／Zn、Cu／B、Zn／Mg、Fe／N、Fe／P、Fe／K、Fe／Ca、Fe／Mg、Fe／S、Fe／Cu、Fe／Zn、Fe／B、Mn／P、Mn／K、B／N、B／K），并列出了相应的诊断参比值和养分诊断结果（需肥顺序）。结果表明，四川巨桉人工林养分状况为，N、K、Zn、Fe、B主要以相对缺乏为主，其他养分供应相对充足。4．以巨桉叶片养分浓度为Y轴，以巨桉叶片养分含量为X轴，以巨桉百叶干重为Z轴，建立矢量诊断图，并根据各诊断矢量的方向和大小判断养分状况，其结果如下：四川巨桉人工林林分存在广泛的养分相互作用。N、Zn在各地表现一致，主要为稀释效应。K、B在各地均表现为拮抗作用，供应充分。P元素主要诊断为缺乏，出现在彭山以及乐山部分地区。Ca、Mg缺乏主要出现在彭山，过量或拮抗主要出现在乐山，与该区钙镁磷肥大量施用有关。S吸收超量各地均较突出，估计与酸沉降有关。Cu除在彭山为缺乏或稀释状态外，其他地区均表现为过量或拮抗。Fe各种状态均存在，在乐山地区以拮抗作用居多，在其他分布区以稀释效应为主，兼有少量缺乏。Mn在彭山缺乏、稀释、过量较为均衡，在其余地区以过量为主。5．参照植物生产潜力的推导过程，提出了四川巨桉人工林生产力潜力模型：Y=L／25 CPQ（T（50-T））1／2(1-e-bPmultiply from 1 to m Ci式中，Y为林分生产力；L为与巨桉林分群体结构有关的常数；b为与年降水量对巨桉林分产量影响作用有关的常数；CP为光能调整系数，即该植物光能净转换效率；Q为光能总辐射；T为生长环境温度；P为年降水量：m表示与巨桉林分产量有关的养分因子个数；Ci为某种养分对巨桉林分产量的影响系数。结合理查德生产量模型，巨桉人工林产量与林分年龄和养分之间的关系模型通式为：M=Mmax(1-e(-bt((Xmax-X)X)1/2/X0)c式中X0、Xmax、X分别表示某种养分的最适浓度、高限浓度、实际浓度；t为林分年龄：b为介于0.2～0.35之间与养分特性有关的常数；c（3.37551）为曲线形状控制参数；Mmax、M分别表示林分理论最高蓄积量(325.12828m3·hm-1)、林分现实蓄积量。6．分别建立了土壤养分、叶片养分及其两者之间的关系模型：△C全N=-0.2376+1.2374△C叶N△C全P=0.09510+0.4702△C叶P-0.2266△C叶Mn+0.6641△C时B△C全K=0.7480+0.3430△C叶Mg-0.009094△C叶Mn△C全Ca=0.2954+1.1952△C叶Ca-0.4903△C叶Mn△C全Mg=0.2128+1.1004△C叶Mg-3133△C叶Mn△C全Fe=1.5985-0.4395△C叶S-0.1591△C叶Mn△C全Mn=0.7074+0.4320△C叶Mg-0.1394△C叶Mn△C全C=-2.2852+3.2852△C叶N△C全N=-0.3702+0.6298△C叶P△C有P=-6.3989+3.1729△C叶N+4.2256△C叶B△C有K=1.0117-0.3339△C叶N+0.3222△C叶P△C交Ca=-0.1889+1.7024△C叶Mg-0.5135△C叶Mn△C交Mn=1.7266-0.4712△C叶N+0.5480△C叶Ca-0.8035△C叶S△C有Fe=1.9430-1.1587△C叶Mg+0.2157△C叶Mn△C有Zn=0.2175+0.5967△C叶N+0.1861△C叶Mn△C有Cu=1.0549+1.1109△C叶N-1.1655△C叶Ca△C叶N=1.2644-0.3829△C全Zn+0.1184△C全C△C叶P=0.1678+0.6214△C全P+0.3894△C全K-0.1786△C全Ca△C叶Ca=0.9512-0.3075△C全P+0.1538△C全Ca+0.2025△C全Fe△C叶Mg=0.6918+0.3081△C全Mn△C叶S=1.1838-0.1838△C全Fe△C叶Mn=2.1645-1.1645△C全P△C叶B=0.9680+0.0.03204△C全C△C叶N=0.9937+0.03629△C有P-0.1249△C交Mg+0.09489△C有Cu△C叶P=0.5993+0.2648△C有N+0.1360△C交Ca△C叶Ca=0.9351+0.1560△C交Mg-0.09112△C有Cu△C叶Mg=0.8965+0.1035△C交Ca△C叶S=0.7676+0.4901△C有K-0.08116△C交Ca-0.1766△C交Mg△C叶Mn=1.9496-0.6925△C交Ca-0.2544△C有Cu△C叶B=0.9767+0.02328△C有P△C叶N=1.0486+0.3605△C叶P-0.4091△C叶Ca△C叶P=0.02631+0.2822△C叶N+0.3480△C叶K+0.4686△C叶Mg-0.1252△C叶Mn△C叶K=0.4917+0.2392△C叶P+0.2691△C叶S△C叶Ca=0.8511-0.3220△C叶N+0.5675△C叶Mg-0.3153△C叶S+0.2188△C叶Cu△C叶Mg=0.4427+0.2143△C叶P+0.3430△C叶Ca△C叶S=1.2969-0.2970△C叶Ca△C叶Cu=0.3137+0.2101△C叶N+0.3015△C叶Ca+0.4583△C叶S-0.3451△C叶Zn+0.06182△C叶Fe△C叶Zn=1.4872+0.7408△C叶S-1.3186△C叶Cu+0.09052△C叶Fe△C叶Fe=-2.5052-2.8379△C叶K+4.5674△C叶Cu+1.7758△C叶Zn△C叶Mn=2.0720-1.0721△C叶P7．综上所述，四川巨桉人工林以P缺乏，S过量，N、Zn稀释，K、Fe拮抗为主要特点，中低山地区Ca、Mg、Cu较为缺乏，平原地区养分限制较少，部分养分过量。立地选择时应在适生区内选择有效土层厚度＞40cm，土壤酸碱度介于5.37～7.07之间，石砾含量＜10％的立地栽植巨桉，可获得较高的产量。养分诊断中应重视养分之间的交互作用，土壤养分诊断应以交换性Ca、交换性Mg、速效P、速效Fe、速效Cu、速效Zn、全Ca、全Mg、全P、全Mn为主，叶片养分诊断应以Ca、Mg、P、Fe、B、N、Zn、Cu为主，养分平衡诊断主要考虑N／Zn、K／N、K／Zn、Ca／N、Ca／B、Mg／N、Mg／K、Cu／N、Zn／Mg、B／N等10个比值。养分的交互作用关系及诊断标准如下：①巨桉养分相互作用为：N可促进P、K、Ca、Mn等的吸收（高N抑制Mn吸收），但易受到Fe、Zn、高Ca、高Mg的拮抗；P可促进K、Mg、Mn等的吸收，但易受Zn、Fe、高Mn、高K、高Ca、高Mg的拮抗，而高浓度的P将抑制K、Zn、Fe等的吸收；K对其他养分元素均没有明显的促进作用，但高浓度K限制P的吸收；Ca、Mg之间可相互促进吸收。同时，低浓度的Ca和Mg有利于Fe、Zn的吸收，高浓度的Ca和Mg将对N、P、Fe、Mn、S、B等养分产生拮抗，限制吸收；S可促进Zn的吸收，但易受高Ca、高Mg拮抗；Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn之间主要以拮抗为主，如高Mn对Fe，高Cu对Zn的拮抗。Fe对Cu有一定的促进作用，但对K、B具有明显的拮抗作用；B素相互作用较少，对其他养分几乎没有明显的促进作用，但易受高Ca、高Mg、高Fe的拮抗。②土壤养分指标及最适浓度诊断标准：全N(1.57g·kg-1)、全P(0.60g·kg-1)、全K(19.59g·kg-1)、全Ca(11.55g·kg-1)、全Mg(51.44g·kg-1)、全Zn(1.37g·kg-1)、全Fe(41.62g·kg-1)、全Mn(0.53g·kg-1)、有机质(16.73g·kg-1)、有效N(95.06mg·kg-1)、有效P(5.29mg·kg-1)、有效K(65.37mg·kg-1)、交换性Ca(2.72g·kg-1)、交换性Mg(1.52g·kg-1)、有效Zn(8.38mg·kg-1)、有效Fe(68.75mg·kg-1)、有效Mn(33.55mg·kg-1)、有效Cu(3.13mg·kg-1)。③叶片养分指标及最适浓度诊断标准：N(19.22g·kg-1)、P(1.44g·kg-1)、K(12.66g·kg-1)、Ca(6.07g·kg-1)、Mg(17.45g·kg-1)、S(2.64g·kg-1)、Cu(11.35mg·kg-1)、Zn(77.17mg·kg-1)、Fe(0.49g·kg-1)、Mn(1.63g·kg-1)、B(44.49mg·kg-1)。④叶片养分浓度比值及最适诊断标准：N／Zn（249.06）、P／N（0.07492）、P／K（0.1137）、P／Ca（0.2372）、P／Zn（18.66）、P／B（32.37）、K／N（0.6587）、K／Zn（164.05）、Ca／N（0.3158）、Ca／Zn（78.66）、Ca／Mn（3.7293）、Ca／B（136.44）、Ng／N（0.9079）、Mg／P（12.12）、Mg／K（1.38）、Mg／B（392.22）、S／N（0.1374）、S／Mg（0.1513）、S／Zn（34.21）、Cu／N（0.0005905）、Cu／P（0.007882）、Cu／K（0.0008965）、Cu／Mg（0.0006504）、Cu／Zn（0.1471）、Cu／B（0.2551）、Zn／Mg（0.004422）、Fe／N（0.02541）、Fe／P（0.3392）、Fe／K（0.03858）、Fe／Ca（0.08046）、Fe／Mg（0.02799）、Fe／S（0.1850）、Fe／Cu（43.03）、Fe／Zn（6.33）、Fe／B（10.98）、Mn／P（1.13）、Mn／K（0.1286）、B／N（0.002315）、B／K（0.003514）。
【Abstract】 After the implementation of natural forests protection project and returning farmlandto forest project, China vigorously developed short-cycle industrial raw materialsPlantation due to fiber contradiction between supply and demand of raw materials. SichuanProvince cultivated Eucalyptus grandis plantation to the scale of more than one million mu,and achieved good economic, ecological and social benefits in recent decades.Currently, the reach on site selection, provenances selection, cultivation technologyand management techniques of Eucalyptus grandis plantation is correspondingly mere.However, nutrient supply and demand relationship, the interaction of nutrients and therelationship between nutritional status and production capacity on Eucalyptus grandisforest is still unbeknown. So, it has important scientific significance to establish a viablenutrition diagnostic criteria for Eucalyptus grandis plantation nutrient management,scientific fertilization, soil fertility maintenance, reduce waste and environment pressure bystudy on Eucalyptus grandis plantation nutrient thresholds, nutrient balance, nutrientinteraction. On the other hand, it offer reference for nutrient management of otherfast-growing industrial raw material such as poplar, pine etc.Among factors which has impact on plantation production, genetic factors, climaticfactors, topographic and physiographic factors are difficult to be controlled and improvedby human, and management technique factors is little space to increase yield afterproduction base selected. Only nutrient is the most important factors which affectsustainable management of industrial raw material forest. Therefore on the base ofassumption that the other factors except nutrients are controllable or relative controllable,60 standard sample plots are setup by typical sampling method distinguishing differentforest ages, site conditions, growth status in the range of Eucalyptus grandis plantationdistribution in Sichuan which includes Luzhou, Yibin, Leshan, Meishan, Hongya, Pujiang,Pengshan. Xinjin, etc. And in the period from December 2004 to January 2005 are forestproduction, site grade investigated and soil and leaf samples for 11 kinds of essentialnutrient analysis Collected. The results are as follows:1. The correlation analysis and test results between yield and soil physical factor, soilnutrient concentration, foliar nutrient concentration, between soil nutrient concentration and foliar nutrient concentration, among foliar nutrient concentrations shows:Available P, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, available Fe, available Cu, availableZn in soil and soil pH, soil thickness, soil gravel content are important factors whichimpact production of Eucalyptus grandis plantation, but N, K, Mn and other elements insoil are less restricted due to provided enough.Ca, Mg, P, Fe, B, N, Zn and Cu which are significantly correlative with productionare important foliar nutrient concentration indexes as a signs of nutrient supply andabsorption. In nutrient balance relations, it is more important between Ca, Zn, Cu, P andother elements which high concentration N, Zn, Cu, Mn and low concentration Ca implyhigh forest production.2. The critical concentration at which forest production reach 85%～90% maximumyield can be computed by the quadratic function between forest production factors such asDBH, tree height, individual volume, forest cumulation, etc. and foliar nutrientconcentrations. Calculated and test results are as follows:Because the diagnosis method by the critical concentration is easily affected by age,growth periods, some climatic factors such as precipitation, temperature, humidity, etc. andnutrients interrelations, the diagnosis results have been some obvious misdiagnosis. Thediagnosis results of S, Cu and Zn are not effective; the negative critical concentration of Caand P is obviously inconsistent with fact; the quadratic equations of K, Fe and Mn are notsignificant to less credibility; only half quadratic equations of N and B are significant; thecritical concentrations of Mg whose optimum concentration changes from 17.21 to 17.30g·kg-1 are consistent to higher reliability.3. Yield groups are divided firstly, and mean value, standard deviation, variationcoefficient and variance of nutrient concentrations and the ratio calculated in differentgroups, choosed factor whose variance ratio between high-yield group and low-yield groupis significant as a diagnostic parameters, and average value of high-yield group as adiagnostic standard. The diagnostic results are as follows:Forty three diagnosis indexes which includes foliar nutrient concentrations of N, P, Fe,B and foliar nutrient concentrations ratios of N/Zn, P/N, P/K, P/Ca, P/Zn, P/B, K/N, K/Zn,Ca/N, Ca/Zn, Ca/Mn, Ca/B, Mg/N, Mg/P, Mg/K, Mg/B, S/N, S/Mg, S/Zn, Cu/N, Cu/P, Cu/K, Cu/Mg, Cu/Zn, Cu/B, Zn/Mg, Fe/N, Fe/P, Fe/K, Fe/Ca, Fe/Mg, Fe/S, Fe/Cu, Fe/Zn,Fe/B, Mn/P, Mn/K, B/N, B/K are selected, and lists the corresponding referenced valueand nutrient diagnostic results （fertilizer order）. The results show that N, K, Zn, Fe and Bbehaves mainly relative lack, other nutrients supply relatively adequate at Eucalyptusgrandis plantation in Sichuan.4. Vector figure whose X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis denote relative nutrient content,relative nutrient concentration and relative dry weight of 100 Eucalyptus grandis leavesrespectively is established to estimate nutrient status by the direction and size of vector andthe results are as follows:Broad nutrient interaction exists in Eucalyptus grandis plantation in Sichuan. N andZn behave consistently dilution domino effect in all sites. K and B be mainly diagnosedantagonistic domino effect and supplied enough. P be mainly diagnosed lack in Pengshanand Leshan. Ca and Mg is lacking mainly in Pengshan, excessive or antagonistic mainlyin Leshan, which is related with superfluous application of FCMP. S absorb excessivelybecause of the acid deposition in every place. Cu shows lacking or diluent in Pengshanbut excessive or antagonistic in other areas. Fe behaves various interactive status butmainly antagonistic in Leshan and dilution domino effect in other areas. Mn shewslacking, diluent and excessive in Pengshan but mainly excessive in other areas.5. Referring to derivation of plant production potential model, Eucalyptus grandisplantation productivity potential model in Sichuan is Y=L/25 CPQ（T（50-T））1/2(1-ebPmultiply from 1 to m CiY stands for productivity; L for constant concemed with the colony structure of Eucalyptusgrandis plantation; b for constant concerned with influence of annual precipitation onproduction of Eucalyptus grandis plantation; CP for photic adjustment coefficient; Q forthe total photic radiation; T for the growth environment temperature; P for precipitation; mfor number of nutrient factors concerned with production of Eucalyptus grandis plantation;Ci for influence coefficients some nutrients on production.Referring Richard’s production model, the universal relationship model betweenproduction and nutrient, forest age of Eucalyptus grandis plantation is M=Mmax(1-e(-bt(Xmax-X)X)1/2/X0)cThe dependent variable, M, indicates practical productivity. The independent variable, Xand t, means nutrient concentration and forest age. The parameter, Mmax, X0 and Xmax,indicates the maximal productivity(325.12828m3·hm-1), the fittest and the highest nutrientconcentration respectively. The line shape controls parameter, c, equals to 3.37551. The"b", a constant which is related with nutrient characteristic, changes from 0.20 to 0.35.6. The relationship models between soil nutrients and foliar nutrients, foliar nutrientsand foliar nutrients are as follows:△C全N=-0.2376+1.2374△C叶N△C全P=0.09510+0.4702△C叶P-0.2266△C叶Mn+0.6641△C叶B△C全K=0.7480+0.3430△C叶Mg-0.009094△C叶Mn△C全Ca=0.2954+1.1952△C叶Ca-0.4903△C叶Mn△C全Mg=0.2128+△1.1004△C叶Mg-3133△C叶Mn△C全Fe=1.5985-0.4395△C叶S-0.1591△C叶Mn△C全Mn=0.7074+0.4320△C叶Mg-0.1394△C叶Mn△C全C=-2.2852+3.2852△C叶N△C有N=0.3702+0.6298△C叶P△C有P=-6.3989+3.1729△C叶N+4.2256△C叶B△C有K=1.0117-0.3339△C叶N+0.3222△C叶P△C交Ca=-0.1889+1.7024△C叶Mg-0.5135△C叶Mn△C交Mg=1.7266-0.4712△C叶N+0.5480△C叶Ca-0.8035△C叶S△C有Fe=1.9430-1.1587△C叶Mg+0.2157△C叶Mn△C有Zn=0.2175+0.5967△C叶N+0.1861△C叶Mn△C有Cu=1.0549+1.1109△C叶N-1.1655△C叶Ca△C叶N=1.2644-0.3829△C全Zn+0.1184△C全C△C叶P=0.1678+0.6214△C全P+0.3894△C全K-0.1786△C全Ca△C叶Ca=0.9512-0.3075△C全P+0.1538△C全Ca+0.2025△C全Fe△C叶Mg=0.6918+0.3081△C全Mn△C叶S=1.1838-0.1838△C全Fe△C叶Mn=2.1645-1.1645△C全P△C叶B=0.9680+0.0.03204△C全C△C叶N=0.9937+0.03629△C有P-0.1249△C交Mg+0.09489△C有Cu△C叶P=0.5993+0.2648△C有N+0.1360△C交Ca△C叶Ca=0.9351+0.1560△C交Mg-0.09112△C有Cu△C叶Mg=0.8965+0.1035△C交Ca△C叶S=0.7676+0.4901△C有K-0.08116△C交Ca-0.1766△C交Mg△C叶Mn=1.9496-0.6925△C交Ca-0.2544△C有Cu△C叶B=0.9767+0.02328△C有P △C叶N=1.0486+0.3605△C叶P-0.4091△C叶Ca△C叶P=0.02631+0.2822△C叶N+0.3480△C叶K+0.4686△C叶Mg-0.1252△C叶Mn△C叶K=0.4917+0.2392△C叶P+0.2691△C叶S△C叶Ca=0.8511-0.3220△C叶N+0.5675△C叶Mg-0.3153△C叶S+0.2188△C叶Cu△C叶Mg=0.4427+0.2143△C叶P+0.3430△C叶Ca△C叶S=1.2969-0.2970△C叶Ca△C叶Cu=0.3137+0.2101△C叶N+0.3015△C叶Ca+0.4583△C叶S-0.3451△C叶Zn+0.06182△C叶Fe△C叶Zn=1.4872+0.7408△C叶S-1.3186△C叶Cu+0.09052△C叶Fe△C叶Fe=-2.5052-2.8379△C叶K+4.5674△C叶Cu+1.7758△C叶Zn△C叶Mn=2.0720-1.0721△C叶P7. In summary, nutrient characteristic is P lacking, S superfluous, N and Zn dilutiondomino effect, K and Fe antagonistic domino effect in Sichuan Eucalyptus grandisplantation where Ca, Mg and Cu are lacking at middling or low mountain and there is notnutrient limit at plain. Deep soil（＞40cm）, fitting soil acidity（5.37～7.07） and lower stoneratio（＜10%） are necessary conditions of stand select in Sichuan Eucalyptus grandisplantation. Nutrient diagnosis should pay attention to nutrients interaction, and Soilnutrient diagnosis should pay attention to exchangeable Ca and Mg, available P, Fe, Cu andZn, gross Ca, Mg, P and Mn in turn. Foliar nutrient diagnosis should pay attention to Ca,Mg, P, Fe, B, N, Zn and Cu in turn. Foliar nutrient balance diagnosis should pay attentionto 10 foliar nutrient ratio such as N/Zn, K/N, K/Zn, Ca/N, Ca/B, Mg/N, Mg/K, Cu/N,Zn/Mg and B/N. The nutrients interaction and the diagnostic criteria are as follows:①Interaction among nutrients are as follows: N, antagonized by Fe, Zn and high Ca,high Mg, can accelerate absorb of P, K, Ca and Mn, yet, high N concentration mightrestrain Mn. P can accelerate absorb of K, Mg and Mn, antagonized by Zn, Fe, high Mn,high K, high Ca and high Mg, moreover high P possibly restrain K, Zn and Fe. Exceptlimit function high K to P, there is not obvious interaction between K and other elements.There is accelerative action between Ca and Mg, low Ca, Mg was active to absorb of Feand Zn, but high Ca, Mg to N, P, Fe, Mn, S and B inversely. S, antagonized by high Ca andhigh Mg, may accelerate Zn. There is antagonistic actions among Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, suchas high Mn to Fe, high Cu to Zn. Fe might accelerate Cu but restricted by K, B. There areno effects between B and others, but B is restrained easily by high Ca, high Mg and highFe.②Soil nutrient diagnosis indexes and corresponding diagnosis standards of optimum concentration are as follows: gross N(1.57g·kg-1), gross P(0.60g·kg-1), gross K(19.59g·kg-1),gross Ca(11.55g·kg-1), gross Mg(51.44g·kg-1), gross Zn(1.37g·kg-1), gross Fe(41.62g·kg-1),gross Mn(0.53g·kg-1), organic C(16.73g·kg-1), available N(95.06mg·kg-1), availableP(5.29mg·kg-1), available K(65.37mg·kg-1), exchangeable Ca(2.72g·kg-1), exchangeableMg(1.52g·kg-1), available Zn(8.38mg·kg-1), available Fe(68.75mg·kg-1), available Mn(33.55mg·kg-1), available Cu(3.13mg·kg-1).③Foliar nutrient diagnosis indexes and corresponding diagnosis standards ofoptimum concentration are as follows: N (19.22g·kg-1), P(1.44g·kg-1), K(12.66g·kg-1), Ca(6.07g·kg-1), Mg (17.45g·kg-1), S (2.64g·kg-1), Cu 11.35mg·kg-1), Zn (77.17mg·kg-1), Fe(0.49g·kg-1), Mn (1.63g·kg-1), B (44.49mg·kg-1).④Foliar nutrient concentration ratio diagnosis indexes and corresponding diagnosisstandard of optimum ratio are as follows: N/Zn （249.06）, P/N （0.07492）, P/K （0.1137）,P/Ca （0.2372）, P/Zn （18.66）, P/B （32.37）, K/N （0.6587）, K/Zn （164.05）, Ca/N （0.3158）,Ca/Zn （78.66）, Ca/Mn （3.7293）, Ca/B （136.44）, Mg/N （0.9079）, Mg/P （12.12）, Mg/K（1.38）, Mg/B （392.22）, S/N （0.1374）, S/Mg （0.1513）, S/Zn （34.21）, Cu/N （0.0005905）,Cu/P （0.007882）, Cu/K （0.0008965）, Cu/Mg （0.0006504）, Cu/Zn （0.1471）, Cu/B （0.2551）,Zn/Mg （0.004422）, Fe/N （0.02541）, Fe/P （0.3392）, Fe/K （0.03858）, Fe/Ca （0.08046）,Fe/Mg （0.02799）, Fe/S （0.1850）, Fe/Cu （43.03）, Fe/Zn （6.33）, Fe/B （10.98）, Mn/P （1.13）,Mn/K （0.1286）, B/N （0.002315）, B/K （0.003514）.
【Key words】 Eucalyptus grandis； nutrient diagnosis； industry material plantation； DRIS； vector diagnosis； critical diagnosis； soil nutrient diagnosis； diagnosis index； diagnosis method； correlation analyse； diagnosis model；