【作者】 张学军；

【导师】 王翔；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 20多年来,商会史研究取得丰硕成果。但是,目前学术界的研究主要集中于上海、天津、苏州等大城市商会,商会与乡村社会一直是商会史研究的薄弱环节。本论文把直隶商会作为一个整体,在关注大城市商会的同时,加强对乡村市镇商会的研究。天津商会的诞生揭开了直隶商会创建的序幕。经过1903-1937年的发展,直隶商会完成了在城市和广大乡村市镇的网络化建构。各地商会成立后,积极投身开发乡村市场、活跃与稳定金融秩序、开展商事农情调查、协助政府整顿统一度量衡、抗争与整顿农村牙税等活动,促进了乡村贸易的繁荣,推动了乡村商业的近代演化。为了振兴乡村工业,各地商会从发展地方优势特色物产入手,改善投资环境、倡导技术革新、推动产业改进,兴办实业教育、争取政策支持、组织商品赛会,使农村手工业进入了一个改组与发展的新时期。各地商会通过加强与政府合作、参与农业改良,规范乡村市场、促进农产品流通,开展农村赈济等措施,促进了商业性农业的发展。直隶商会在乡村市镇的广泛渗透,尤其是商会发展城乡商业、振兴乡村工业以及改良农业的努力,已经融入乡村社会近代演进的历史合力当中,促进了乡村资本主义因素的滋生,推动了乡村市镇的勃兴,催生了一批乡村新型精英阶层,进一步密切了以口岸-腹地为特征的城乡联系,成为20世纪前半叶直隶乡村社会经济变迁的又一“助推器”。对直隶商会与乡村社会经济的研究,可以从一个侧面透视这一时期直隶乃至华北地区,乡村社会由传统向近代演变的大致轨迹,揭示商会在乡村社会经济变迁中的角色和作用,为我们认识乡村社会提供新的视角。对它的学术研究,还可以为当今市场经济条件下发挥商会的作用,推进新农村建设提供有益的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 For more than twenty years, great achievements have been obtained in the study of commercial association history, many of which, however, have been focused on the commercial associations in such large cities as Shanghai, Tianjing and Suzhou. As a result less study has been made on the relation between commercial association and rural society. Focusing on the commercial associations in large cities, this paper, at the same time, takes the commercial association of Zhili Province as a whole and strengthens the study on the commercial associations in rural areas such as villages and towns.The birth of commercial association in Tianjing disclosed the prelude to the establishment of commercial association in Zhili Province. Through the development from 1903 to 1937,the commercial association in Zhili Province accomplished the network construction in cities and enormous villages as well as towns. Since the founding of commercial associations all over the province, they took an active part in developing rural markets, activating and stabilizing financial order, carrying out commercial and rural investigations, assisting the local government unify dimension units, fighting against and rectifying the rural taxes, with the results that rural trades prospered and great evolution of the rural business was facilitated. To make rural industries prosperous, commercial associations all over the province, starting from developing the local favorable specialties, improved the investment environment, advocated technological innovations, facilitated industrial improvements, establishedIndustrial education, sought government supports and organized commodities fairs , leading the hand-made industry to a new age of reform and development. The commercial associations all over the province, through fortifying the cooperation with the government, participating in the agricultural innovations, disciplining rural markets, enhancing the circulation of rural products and developing rural welfare, promoted the commercialization of agricultural development.The wide immersion of commercial association of Zhili Province in the villages and towns, particularly the efforts made by the associations in developing rural and urban commerce, prospering rural industry and improving agriculture, has combined with the joint force of rural evolution. As a result, the birth of rural capitalist factors was promoted, the prosperity of villages and towns was propelled, a new class of rural elites was made to come into being and further intensifying the connection between cities and villages. This became another“propeller”for the social economic transformation in the rural areas in Zhili Province in the first half of the 20th century.The study on the commercial associations in Zhili Province and the rural social economy revealed from one more angle the general trace of the evolution of rural areas from tradition to modernization, disclosed the role and function of the commercial associations in rural social transformation and offered a new perspective for us to know the society better. The academic study on them offers significant reference to the role of commercial associations under the present economic conditions and the construction of new rural areas.更多还原