【作者】 杜建时；

【导师】 李耀先； 杨清彪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 有机化学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本论文以电纺丝技术为基础,卤化银纳米粒子/聚合物微/纳米球和卤化银纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维两个方面进行了研究。首先通过以PVP为原料,对其各个参数进行调节,成功的制备了无纤维形态的微/纳米球。在此基础上,我们将溶胶-凝胶技术和电纺丝技术相结合,成功的获得了卤化银纳米粒子/聚合物微/纳米球。然后,我们通过两种途径制备了含有卤化银纳米粒子的聚合物纤维。其中一种途径是以溶胶-凝胶技术和电纺丝技术相结合,制得了AgCl/PVP和AgBr/PVP纤维;另一种途径是通过电纺丝技术制备了含有银盐的高分子纤维,然后通过Gas-Solid反应,获得了AgCl/PVP和AgCl/PAN纤维。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of nanotechnology, the research on hybrid and composite nanomaterials has undoubtedly been a field of special interest in the intersection of physics, chemistry, and materials science, of which inorganic/organic nanocomposites with a wide range of interesting properties increasingly become a burgeoning area. The preparation of inorganic/organic nanocomposite material is a great challenge in the fields of nanoscience, because nanocomposite materials have chemical and physics properties. As one of the branches of inorganic/organic nanocomposite materials, inorganic nanoparticles/polymer composite nanoball and composite, nanofiber have the potential applications in various fields. Electrospinning has been extensively explored as a simple and versatile method for producing fibers from polymer solutions (or melts).In the second parts, we obtained PVP microspheres and nanospheres by electrospinning method firstly in the first chapter. On the processing of fabrication of PVP microspheres and nanospheres, PVP were dissolved in ethanol/water (60/40, wt/wt) solution. Experimental results showed variety morphologies of electrospun products with different concentration polymer solution, and then observed the morphologies of electrospun products under different voltage. When the concentration of the PVP solution is 8 wt. % under voltage of 16 kV, we could get better morphologies PVP microspheres and nanospheres. Secondly, on the base of the firsst chapter, we choose PVP of 8 wt. % as electrospinning materal. We used Sol-Gel process to prepare AgCl and AgBr nanoparticles in the solution, and then the solutions were electrospun to obtain composite microspheres (AgCl/PVP and AgBr/PVP). During the preparation of AgX nanoparticles, we used the solution of salt and HX acid. These results of SEM and TEM indicated that AgX nanoparticles were well dispersed in the composite by using inorganic acid and the morphologies of microspheres are uniform.In the third parts, we obtained two kinds of AgX/PVP composie nanofibers.They are AgCl/PVP composie nanofibers and AgBr/PVP composie nanofibers respectively. AgCl/PVP composite nanofibers and AgBr/PVP composite nanofibers were obtained successfully by the organic combination of Sol-Gel process and electrospinning technology. In the during we prepared AgCl/PVP composite nanofibers and AgBr/PVP composite nanofibers, we used Sol—Gel technology to obtain the composie fibers which was composed of AgX nanoparticles(AgCl and AgBr) and macromolecules. It was the first time that AgX nanoparticles dispersed uniformlly in the fibres. This part was narrated from two sides. On the one hand, we used Sol-Gel process to prepare AgCl/PVP (inorganic/polymer) solution as electrospinning materials. Then we prepared AgCl/PVP composite nanofibers successfully by the electrospinning technology. On the other hand, we used Sol-Gel process to prepare the PVP solution containning AgBr nanoparticles as electrospinning materials. Then we prepared AgBr /PVP composite nanofibers successfully by the electrospinning technology. In the two aspects research, we respectively selected inorganic salt solution and inorganic acid containing haloid ions when we prepared AgX nanoparticles. The product that was examed by TEM showed that AgX nanoparticles could disperse uniformlly with better morphologies in the fibres because we selected inorganic acid to prepare AgX /PVP composie nanofibers.In the fourth part of this thesis, we established a promising strategy for the controlled synthesis of AgCl nanoparticles/polymer composite nanofibers by the combination of electrospinning technology and gas/solid reaction. At first, we synthesized the fiber films of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) containing metal silver ions using electrospinning. And then, AgCl nanoparticles were introduced into the PVP fiber films by gas/solid reaction. The characterization results of the AgCl nanoparticles/PVP comsite films confirmed that it was reasonable for this strategy to fabricate inorganic/organic nanocomposites. On the way, we choosed different PAN to prepare AgCl nanoparticles/PAN composite nanofiber films. This opens up a new way to incorporate AgX nanoparticles into polymeric nanocrystals under the anhydrous condition.In summary, it can well produce organic/inorganic nanocomposites by using the combination of Sol-Gel process and electrospinning technique and the combination of electrospinning technique and gas-solid reaction. The results of the experiment show that these processes are generic approach to prepare functional one dimensional organic/inorganic nanomaterials. In addition, these methods and products will have wide applications in the light of the characters of these methods and the qualities of products.更多还原