【作者】 张玉存；

【导师】 刘彬；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 电路与系统， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 在机械设备状态监测及故障诊断技术中,合理的信号分析方法是关系到能否对故障作出正确判断的重要前提条件,它制约着故障诊断的准确率和故障早期预报的可靠性,是当前故障诊断研究中的瓶颈。近年来,针对机械故障信号的复杂性,国内外学者研究了多种故障信号分析方法,部分满足了机械工程领域的需要。然而这些方法存在着各自适用范围的局限性及计算量上的种种不足。首先,本文把拓扑反变的理论应用到机械故障信号处理领域之中,提出拓扑反变的信号分析方法。该方法把未知的机械故障信号空间通过拓扑反变映射映射到已知的非平稳正弦函数空间,通过研究已知空间的性质达到研究未知空间性质的目的。建立机械故障信号空间和非平稳正弦函数空间,并且给它们定义拓扑,使它们成为拓扑空间。在拓扑和拓扑反变理论的基础上,提出拓扑反变存在的引理。应用拓扑反变存在的引理,证明故障信号空间和非平稳正弦函数空间之间拓扑反变的存在性,并且求出故障信号空间和非平稳正弦函数空间之间的拓扑反变映射,建立拓扑反变的机械故障信号分析模型。这个信号分析模型是一个周期性非线性动力系统,为了保证拓扑反变的故障信号分析模型在应用中的稳定性,确定它的稳定条件,对系统进行坐标变换和变量代换,利用打靶与局部参数连续相结合的方法求出系统对应的庞加来映射,通过庞加莱映射和Floquent原理给出系统稳定的具体条件。其次,把拓扑反变的信号分析方法应用到旋转机械特征分析中,在分析旋转机械典型的故障信号与振动特征的基础上,结合旋转机械特征分析的有效手段-振动信号分析方法,提出了基于拓扑反变的旋转机械振动信号分析新方法。该方法通过分析旋转机械振动信号的瞬时频率,达到分析旋转机械故障信号的瞬时频率的目的,通过瞬时频率计算瞬时转速,进而判断故障情况。该方法在一定程度上解决了信号分析方法中的局限性,同时计算量小,够进行实时性分析。推动故障诊断技术的发展,为机械设备状态监测及故障诊断提供一种新的有效方法和途径。最后,研制出旋转机械故障信号分析实验系统,应用图形化编程方法,使系统具有多种分析功能。该系统可实现对旋转机械非平稳故障信号的分析与处理,显示了开发系统的强大优势。研究中用开发的旋转机械故障信号分析系统对转子裂纹和转子不平衡两种故障进行了实测,应用拓扑反变的故障信号分析方法跟踪振动信号的瞬时频率,计算瞬时转速,判断故障。实验结果表明所研究和提出的方法判断故障正确率高,并且具有较好的实时性,同时也展示了所开发的实验系统具有强大的非平稳信号分析功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In machine equipments fault detection and diagnosis technique, reasonable analysis method of signal is important prior condition to relate to accurate diagnosis, it make roughly break down accurate diagnosis and the earlier period forecast, is the bottleneck of the diagnosis research. In recent years, aim at the complexity of the mechanical fault signal, people studied the variety handles method, the part satisfied the demand of the mechanical engineering realm. However these methods exists each ascend all kinds from localization and calculations that suitable for use scope measures shortage.Firstly, in this dissertation, the topology contravariant theory was applied to domain that analysis the fault signal about the rotating machinery, the new method analyzing non-stationary signal using the topology contravariant theory was proposed. In the method the unknown fault signal space was mapped to known sine function space using topology contravariant map, the purpose of studying the unknown space was proposed through studying known space. the unknown fault signal space and known sine function space were established, their topologies were defined, making them become topology space. The topology contravariant map between the unknown fault signal space and known sine function space is existent by proof, was established. This map is a periodic nonlinear system, for analyzing the steady of the system , the coordinate transformation and the variable transformation were used, the discrete state equation of the system was established making use of the method combining with the continuation and shooting technique together, the steady condition of the system was proposed pass the poincare map and Floquent principle.Secondly, the vibration signal of the rotating machinery included large quantity useful information that can reflect the running stases of equipments , vibration signal analysis plays an important role in faults find and diagnosis of rotating machinery. In this dissertation, typical vibration characteristics and faults signal of rotating machinery were analyzed, Using topology contravariant analysis method of faults signal, Instantaneous Frequency of fault signal was analyzed through analyzing Instantaneous Frequency of vibration signal in rotating machinery, Instantaneous rotating speed was calculated , in the end the fault was diagnosed .Localization in existed analysis method of fault signal was broken down in certain degree, the antinomy on the define of Instantaneous Frequencywas solved, at same time real-time analysis can be proceed. This method can push fault diagnose development and can provide a kind of new valid method and path.Finally, a virtual instrument, rotating machinery characteristics analyzer, was programmed with some powerful time-frequency analysis functions and all order analysis functions introduced above. So, it is enabled the abilities to analysis non-stationary vibration of rotating machinery and eliminate the weak points of current used measurement and test instruments. The advantage of instruments developing by the new virtual instruments developing concept is also well showed by it. Many actual measures for different measure objects were done with the virtual characteristics analyzer of rotating machinery. The measure results provided enough evidences that the virtual characteristics analyzer is very good at non-stationary vibration analysis.更多还原