【作者】 郭联哲；

【导师】 谭忠富；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（北京） ， 技术经济及管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 电力产业的重组和放松管制的过程正在进行,基于电信、航空、公路的市场化改革经验,人们期望将竞争带入电力行业,提高电力产业的生产效率,增加社会福利。但是由于电力商品的难于存贮性以及生产过程的特殊性,要设计出成功的电力市场非常困难。本文从微观经济学理论出发,主要探讨市场环境下电力生产过程中发电、输电、配电(售电)各环节电价的形成机制及相关优化模型,主要研究成果和结论如下:首先从电力商品的特殊性出发,分析电力产业供应和需求的特点、发电侧的寡头性市场特点以及输配电的自然垄断特点,讨论电价在实现社会效率方面的关键作用,指出在电力供不应求时,影响社会福利最大化的障碍在于电力产品分配的无效率,而在电力供过于求时,影响社会福利最大化的障碍在于机组组合的无效率,无效率的生产和分配极大妨碍社会效率的最大化的动态实现。第二,在简单介绍了世界各主要电力市场化国家的市场结构和交易模式的基础上,从社会效益的角度分析了市场环境下发电侧竞价的两种结算(统一定价和按报价支付)模式的利弊,建立了燃料价格的变动对火力发电商上网电价影响的数学模型,并对此进行了敏感性分析。第三,分析了各种输电定价的理论依据和模型,由于输电业务的自然垄断性,输电价格的确定主要基于成本法,在处理输电线路阻塞的过程中,市场化的输电权拍卖是一种实现线路分配效率的主要方法,文章详细分析了输电线路定价的难点并通过简单实例说明了两种价格体系(节点电价和区域电价)对输电价值判断的影响,并利用博弈论在输电定价中的应用进行了简单说明。第四,分析了微观经济理论中的价格歧视原理在销售电价制定过程中的主要应用;考虑到用户在不同时间段用电的交叉弹性,从实际出发,建立了分时电价最优化模型,同时指出,分时电价涉及到两方面的问题:时段的划分和各时段电价的确定,两方面的问题是二级优化问题,售电公司需要在实践中不断探索。简单的仿真结果表明,用户在高峰时段的需求弹性越大,分时电价的优化将使得供电公司和用户共同收益。最后,文章分析了电力市场中的市场力问题,讨论了各种市场力的评价指标,市场力产生的原因,市场力对电价的影响并提出了现阶段我国电力改革的适宜步骤和电价改革建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The electric power industry reorganization and deregulation is underway all over the world. Based on the succeessful experice of reform in the telecommunication,aviation and railroad, the people expected that competition is effective in the electric power industry , which will improve the electric power industry production efficiency, increase social welfare. because the electricity commodity is difficult to store and electricity production process is particular, it is extremely difficult to design successful electric power market. By means of the microeconomics theory, This article mainly discusses various electricity price forming mechanism and related optimization models in the electric power generation, transmission(distribution) and selling process under the market environment . Main researches and innovations of this thesis are shown as fallows:First, in view of electricity commodity particularity, this article analysis electric power industry supply and demand characteristis,the generation side oligopology market characteristics and transmission characteristics. This paper also discussess the key funtion of electricity price in the realization of society welfare . Meantime, this paper points out that in the cicuments of demand scarcity , the barrier to maxmize social welfare lies in the generation side unit commmitment inefficeny ; in the event of supply scarcity, the barrier to maxmize social welfare lies in the electricity distribution inefficeny.Second, this thesis simply introduces the market structure and transaction modes of the main country .from the view of social welfare,this thesis analyses the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of pool purchasing price settlements(uniform market clear price and pay as bid) under the market environment . Besides, which establishes the mathematic modes of coal-fired cost funtions, this theses has carried on the sensitive analysis along with coal price changes.Third, this thesis has analyzed each kind of methods and modes of electric transmission pricing theory. As a result of the electric transmission service nature monopoly, the main method of transmission pricing is based on the cost. In the process of dealing with transmission congestion, transmission rights auction is a main method to realize distribution efficiency. The thesis also analyses difficulty in the transmission pricing under the market enviroment; by means of a simpleexample,it demonstrates the influence of two kind of price system (nodal price and zonal price) on transmission value judgement,in addition,game theory has been used to show transmission pricing.Fourth, this thesis has analyzed the applications of price discrimination on the electricity selling pricing. Considering demand elasticity and crosselasticity in different time interval, optimization models are established to confirm time-of-use pricing. TOU pricing involves two different problem: time interval determination and electricity price determination, In fact, it is a two-level optimization problem . Simulation results show that if consumers have greater response on the TOU electricity price, it is more likely to get a reciprocal outcome.Finally, market power in the electricity market is analysed. According to industry structure, supply and demand,industry performance, This thesis classifies various electricity power market indices. it is alse discussed which power market is suitable to set up in our country ,some suggestions on electricity price reform are also put forward.更多还原