【作者】 李军；

【导师】 吴志宏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国社会的发展和教育的转型，义务教育已经被定位为社会的公益性事业。这一新的定位需要相应的政策体系保障，就近入学政策就是这一体系中的重要组成部分，具有积极的政策价值。作为保障公民均等受教育机会的基本措施，就近入学政策关系到群众直接和现实的利益问题，然而近年来这一政策的实施却受到普遍的质疑和反对，个中缘由何在?就近入学政策要如何调整才能适应社会发展的新目标和义务教育的新定位，更好地体现和保障义务教育的公益性特点?在我国大力推行就近入学政策的同时，国外许多国家却纷纷放松这一政策，转而推行形式各异的择校政策，允许甚至鼓励家长的择校行为。相比之下，我国目前强调在义务教育阶段实施就近入学政策是否是一股逆流?二者政策基础是否相同?我国是否应该仿效国外的做法?近年来，政策科学的研究取得了长足的发展，这为政策制定、实施和评价的科学性提供了保障，也为我们研究现有政策提供了新的视角和方法论。对于就近入学政策来讲，如何吸收政策科学研究的先进成果，丰富和完善自身的政策流程?对这些问题思考是本文研究的起点。为此，本文从政策学的视角出发，通过考察国内外就近入学政策的历史沿革和实施状况，分析其政策价值，通过对当前我国“就近入学”政策的实施现状的问卷调查和访谈，分析这一政策实施中的问题及原因，提出相应的政策建议，旨在促进我国的义务教育政策的不断完善，使其更好地体现义务教育的公共性和公益性。论文主要包括七个部分：第一部分主要阐述本文研究的背景、研究目的和意义，界定相关的概念，对已有的研究进行回顾，说明论文的基本内容和结构。第二部分主要是比较分析、历史分析与价值分析。通过对国外就近入学政策的实施状况、我国就近入学政策思想渊源和新中国成立以后就近入学政策的基本发展轨迹的分析，发现就近入学政策是国内外义务教育阶段推行的一项基本政策，尽管近年来一些国家出台了一些择校政策，但这些政策仍然是基于就近入学政策基础上的改革措施，并没有从根本上改变就近入学的政策地位。这一政策具有积极的政策价值。第三部分是对当前我国就近入学政策实施状况的调查分析。在对上海、山东、江苏、浙江、河南、重庆等地2203名家长和50名校长问卷调查的基础上，笔者用Windows系统下SPSS软件进行了结果统计分析，发现我国义务教育阶段中小学生在总体上(73.46％)实现了就近入学，但这一政策仍存在诸多问题，需要进一步加以完善。就近入学政策自身的缺陷、资源配置的不公及社会环境的影响是问题形成的主要原因。第四部分与第五部分是在前文调查研究的基础上，对就近入学政策自身的缺陷、资源配置的不公和社会环境的影响等问题以及与就近入学政策密切相关的择校问题、流动人口子女的教育问题及其原因进行了深入的分析。第六部分是思考与建议。认为至少应从三个方面着手完善现有的就近入学政策：一是政策思想角度，应恰当进行政策思想定位调整；二是政策运行环境角度，应改善就近入学政策的实施环境，促进义务教育的均衡协调发展；三是政策自身，应完善就近入学政策的内容与流程，保障政策的有效运行。第七部分是对前文研究的总结。通过对就近入学政策的考察，本文认为教育政策往往是各种利益博弈的结果，同时教育政策本身的能力也是有限的，而且我们还应关注政策的“跨域效应”。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of society and the transformation of education in China, compulsory education has been defined as the social commonweal career. It is needed for a series of corresponding policies to guarantee this orientation of compulsory education, therefore, nearby enrollment policy with positive values is one of key measures in this system. As the fundamental measure to safeguard the citizens’ equal education opportunity, nearby enrollment is closely related with people’ s direct and real benefits. However in the recent years the implementation of this policy have received a flood of criticisms and oppositions universally, but why ? How to adjust the nearby enrollment policy to adapt the new target of social development and the new orientation of the compulsory education as well as to manifest and safeguard the public welfare characteristic of the compulsory education? While our nation Carries vigorously out nearby enrollment policy, there are many overseas nations that begin to loosen this policy gradually, turn to carry out forms of policies of school choice and even encourages the guardians to select the school for their children. Comparatively speaking, is it a refluence for our nation to emphasize nearby enrollment policy in the field of compulsory education at present? Are the foundations of the two kinds of policies the same? Whether should we imitate the overseas nation’ s conduct? In recent years, the policy science research has obtained the considerable development, and this not only provides the formulation, implementation and scientific appraisal of the policies with concrete foundation, but also offers us the new angle of view and methodology. Regarding nearby enrollment policy how should we absorb the advanced achievements of the policy scientific research to enrich and perfect the policy? It is the jumping-off point of this study to ponder these questions. Therefore, this dissertation analyzes the value of nearby enrollment policy from the angle of policy science through reviewing the historical evolution and implementation condition. This dissertation also analyzes the problems and reasons in the course of the policy implementation and offers some corresponding measures on the foundation of the current policy implementation situation questionnaire survey as well as the interview in order to promote the consummation of our compulsory education policy and to fully manifest itself as the commonweal career and public welfare.The dissertation mainly includes seven parts:The first part mainly describes the background, the research goal and the significance, defines the related concepts and reviews the research which has been carried on as well as explains the basic content and structure.The second part is mainly about the comparative analysis, the historical analysis and the value analysis. Through the implementation of overseas nearby enrollment, the thought origin of our country’s nearby enrollment policy and the analysis of the basic trace of nearby enrollment since new china has established, nearby enrollment is discovered as a basic policy of domestic and overseas compulsory education. Although some countries brought out some policy of school choice in recent years, these policies were still reforms based on nearby enrollment, which has not changed the policy status of nearby enrollment. This policy has the positive policy value.Part three is about the analysis based on the investigation of the current nearby enrollment policy implementation condition in China .On the basis of questionnaire survey to 2203 guardians and 50 principals in the places such as Shanghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing , the author used the SPSS software under the Windows system to carry on the result statistical analysis and discovered that most of the elementary and middle school students (73. 46%) in the compulsory education stage realized nearby enrollment in our nation , but this policy still had many problems and needed further consummating. The main reasons of the problems rest with the flaws of itself, the unfair resources disposition and the social environment influence of the nearby enrollment policy.The fourth part and the fifth part of this dissertation carried on the thorough analysis on the problems of the flaws of the nearby enrollment policy itself, the unfair resources disposition, the social environment etc. as well as the problems and reasons closely related with the nearby enrollment policy such as school choice and the transient children’s education.The sixth part is of the considerations and the suggestions. We should begin at least from three aspects to consummate the existing nearby enrollment policy. Firstly, from the aspect of the policy thought, we should appropriately carry on the policy thought localization adjustment. Secondly, from the aspect of the policy movement environment, we should improve the implementation environment of the nearby enrollment policy to promote the compulsory education to develop in a balanced and harmonious way. Thirdly, from the aspect of the policy itself, we should consummate the contents and procedures of the nearby enrollment policy to guarantee the effectiveness of the policy movement.The seventh part is a conclusion of this policy study. Through the study of the nearby enrollment policy, this dissertation concludes that education policy is usually the result of benefits struggling among social classes, simultaneously the ability of education policy itself is also limited, and moreover we should pay much attention to the cross territory effects of some certain education policies.更多还原