【作者】 景秀艳；

【导师】 曾刚；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 在全球化和地方化并行的时代,生产网络的功能与影响日趋凸现,经济地理学对其关注日渐增多。与国内学者从价值链治理对地方生产网络或产业集群升级影响的视角来研究地方生产网络不同,本文主要研究关键行为者与网络成员之间的权力关系、网络权力对企业空间行为的影响。经济学、管理学、社会学、地理学等领域的学者分别对企业权力、网络治理与企业的投资空间决策进行了研究。本文拟利用地理学相关理论,通过解析网络内部关系来阐释网络企业空间行为现象。本文构建了网络权力这一概念,认为在特定的企业网络中,一个企业动员获驱使其他企业实现自身意愿、满足自身利益需求的能力。笔者首次从全球生产网络及权力结构、地方生产网络及权力演化、网络权力的全球与地方契合三个方面对网络权力的形成演化和治理机制加以阐释。并从网络权力空间分布的等级性及网络权力所引发的空间跟随效应等视角出发,分析了企业群体行为对地方产业发展的影响,对基于单体企业投资的区位理论进行补充、更新。通过文献综述、田野调查及理论研究,笔者认为,在生产网络中,存在生产型领导公司和购买型领导公司两类基本的权力中心。网络权力治理则可分为领导型、关系型、模块型三种模式,并表现出全球和地方二维空间尺度。在内部企业差别化成长和全球大公司的共同影响下,原生型地方生产网络权力从对称向非对称方向演化;非原生型地方生产网络权力结构保持了原有的非对称特征。购买型领导公司主要采用外包购买方式,通过地方生产网络中的主要供应商,对地方生产网络进行控制。生产型领导公司则通过母子公司在全球范围内的权力互动,来实现与地方生产网络的链接。网络权力己成为影响企业投资决策的一个重要因素。企业跨界迁移时,需考虑自身与母地生产网络、投资地生产网络的依存关系。全球生产网络的权力结构与企业区位具有耦合性。网络权力地位一定程度上体现为网络区位决策影响力。生产网络的空间转移、扩张往往是在全球和地方领导公司驱动和影响下完成的。生产型领导公司具备较强的区位选择能力、区位优势利用能力及区位优势再造能力,能带领网络成员迁移。购买型领导公司能借助其权力影响,驱使地方领导公司(主要供应商)带领网络成员向成本低地或目标市场进行转移,或对现有生产网络进行重组。发育完善的地方网络也可影响领导公司的区位选择。本文以福建东南汽车城及晋江石狮服装产业的QL公司作为实证案例,分析了汽车和服装生产网络的权力关系及其空间行为。笔者认为,汽车产业是典型的生产者驱动型产业,其网络权力呈现金字塔结构,品牌汽车制造公司位居权力金字塔的顶端,汽车制造公司的对外直接投资往往引发原供货商的空间跟随。随着模块化生产方式的出现,部分汽车生产网络出现类似品牌购买商组建的OEM、ODM网络权力治理模式。而服装产业是典型的购买者驱动型产业,掌握研发设计、品牌和营销渠道的品牌营销商、零售商、制造商成为服装生产网络的领导公司。原生型本土领导公司对母地供货商具有较强的依赖,本地网络治理的关系型特征明显。但是,出于提升自身在生产网络中权力地位的考虑,原生型领导公司也通过与区外相关企业合作,获取异质资源,来维持和提升自己的网络权力地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Localization can also be witnessed in globalization era. The organization, such as global production or local production network, featured by significant network relation are becoming more and more popular accordingly. In the field of economic geography, more and more scholars’ attentions are put on such relationships between geographical spatial form and industrial organization structure.Different from the research angle of the upgrade of industrial cluster or local production network in this field, inspired by the researches of a few geographical scholars in past two years, the dissertation concentrates its discussion on the power relationships between key actors and network members and the enterprises spatial behavior under the influence of production network power.The theories of enterprises power, network governance and the decision of spatial behavior derived from the field jointly studied by economics, management science, sociology and geography. Based on the basic theories of human geography, and also benefited from theories of economics, management science and sociology, the author attempts to concentrate on the power relationships between enterprises and enterprises spatial behavior under its influence.The author tries to construct the concept system of network power for the first time, which is different from the enterprise ability theory, enterprise power theory. And the discussion of network power focuses on three aspects as follows: global production network and its power structure, local production network and its power evolution, the joints of local and global network power. Based on a contrast with the spatial behavior of traditional enterprises and vertical intergraded mode of production, and viewing from the angles of the spatial grade of network power and the effect of spatial following, the author discusses the influences on enterprise’ behavior and regional industry, to make an additional study on location theory of vertical production for enterprises.In production network, there are two kinds of basic power centers: lead producer and lead buyer. And there are three kinds of governance model: leadership type, modular type and relation type. The governance of production network shows two spatial dimensions, both global and local. Jointly influenced by the different growth oflocal protogenous production network and the entry of multinational companies, the power of network evolved from symmetric to asymmetric. As for exogenic network of production, its power structure remains asymmetric characteristic, and its evolution ofpower concerns foreign lead companies, foreign suppliers, government and local firms. The lead buyer in a production network often contacts with local production network through outsourcing, and governs local network through controlling local main suppliers. And the lead producer governs local production network by its subsidiary company.Network power has become one of important factors for enterprise’s investment. When an enterprise wants a trans-border migration or enlargement, it has to take some consideration on the interdependent relationships with other network members both in source and investment territories. The spatial distribution of power structure and organization structure are coupled. In some sense, the position in power network means the ability of influencing network locations. The lead producer has the strong ability of choosing locations, making use of location advantages and reproducing location advantages, thus influencing the network members to follow its directions. And the lead buyer can influence its main suppliers (the local lead companies)moving to the region of lower cost or its potential market. However, a perfect local network can also has such direction over foreign lead companies.The author uses South-east Motor City and QL Company of Jinjiang garment industrial cluster in Fujian province as cases for study, analyzing the motor production network and garment production network power and its spatial behavior.The author thinks motor industry is a typical producer-driver industry, and the power structure of motor network assumes the shape of a pyramid. The brand motor manufacturer is on the top, and the FDI of motor manufacturer can drive its spare parts suppliers to follow or attract them to localize. As modular type production appeared, part of motor production network take on governance character of OEM or ODM.The garment industry is a typical buyer-driving industry, the brand sellers and the brand manufacturers which own the R&D technology and marketing channels can be the leaders in garment production network. The protogenous powerful manufacturer relies heavily on local suppliers for a long time, and shows distinctive features of relation type production network. However, the demand on quality suppliers, may makes it widen its eyesight in a broader view and attempts to improve its position in network through taking key producing technologies from other networkmembers in other networks.更多还原