【作者】 杨洪钦；

【导师】 谢树森； 陆祖康；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 光学工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 针灸经络是中医学理论基础的核心组成，几千年来为中华民族的健康和繁衍做出了重大贡献，受到广大人民群众的信任和钟爱。然而，直至今天，人们在对待针灸经络问题上还存在较大的分歧。科学尊重客观事实，客观事实是事物的本质反映，也是科学创新的前提和基础。国家“七五”—“九五”“经络的研究”攀登计划的实施和当前针灸经络973重大基础研究计划的启动，体现了开展针灸经络研究的重要性和紧迫性。有鉴于此，作者本着求是的态度，充分发挥“光学与光子技术”学科特点和优势，把人体经络现象当作科学研究课题进行探索，试图运用现代光学的手段和方法揭示人体经脉腧穴相关的物理学特性，完成的研究成果具有开拓性和创新性。在第1章中，首先简要地介绍了本研究的选题背景；接着就国内外针灸经络研究的发展概况进行了详细的评述，明确地指出有关经络理论的研究远落后于实践对它提出的要求，而且成为中医学研究现代化发展的瓶颈。目前，有关人体经络现象的研究是经络现代研究的突破口和关键，需要多学科发挥各自的学科优势，联合开展攻关，这是本论文立题的依据。在第2章中，对经络现象实验探索的过去和现状进行了回顾和讨论。特别对循经感传现象的客观检测、经脉腧穴的皮肤阻抗测量、放射性核素示踪、PET影像技术和fMRI功能成像技术以及红外热成像技术等各种实验手段探索和验证人体经络现象，揭示隐藏在经络现象背后的物理学本质及其所涉及的人体脏腑、气血津液的生理和病理规律等重要问题进行了分析和讨论。最后明确指出：(1)人体经络现象是客观存在的，它是一种正常的生命现象；(2)借助现代科学仪器和手段，可以显现或观察到与中医学描述基本一致的人体体表循经路线的相关轨迹；(3)人体经脉腧穴与相关脏腑之间存在一定的关联。在第3章中，对组织光学的原理、测量技术及其应用作了描述。在讨论生物组织光学特性参数的物理涵义和光在生物组织中传播行为描述相关理论的基础上，作者提出了若干基于漫反射理论下的无损测量技术，并对实验方案的具体实现作了详细的描述，相关方案适合应用于开展人体经络现象研究。在第4章中，在阐述了经络研究与现代光学的关联和依赖关系后，作者首次提出“经络光学”研究新概念，并指出这种新的思路不仅可以构造其研究体系，而且其实验方法和测量技术也完全可行，是经络现代研究的一种新方法和有效途径；在此基础上，对“经络光学”的研究体系框架和方法论进行了初步探索与阐述，并给出了当前开展“经络光学”研究的主要内容。在第5章中，首先简要介绍了红外热辐射的物理学基础、检测技术和人体体表温度分布形成的生理学机制；而后着重描述了作者应用TTM红外热成像新技术对健康青年志愿者的体表温度分布进行实验测量，获得了健康青年体表温度分布特征，初步研究结果为今后建立红外热图像的疾病诊断或评估判据作出了成功的尝试。此外，作者利用TTM红外热成像技术对人体体表经脉腧穴的红外辐射特性及其时间节律性进行研究。结果表明人体循经红外辐射在人体中普遍存在，其出现概率和强度具有一定的规律性，且与时间相关，呈现一定的时间节律性，是一种正常的生命现象。在第6章中，基于生物医学光学的原理和技术，设计了人体经脉腧穴光学特性测量的实验方案(已申请专利3项，1项授权)，实验测量并比较了红光波段光波沿(53例志愿者)手厥阴心包经循行线方向和非经线方向传输特性的差异，同时讨论了光波调制频率对测量结果的影响。医学统计分析表明光波沿经脉线方向和非经脉线方向传输特性的差异性明显(P＜0.01)。此外，实验测量了合谷穴位区域皮肤组织的反射光谱，联合漫射近似理论模型反演出该区域组织的光学特性参数。研究结果填补了医学光子学及其技术在人体经络研究方面的空白，将有力地促进针灸机理和经穴理化特性的相关研究。在第7章中，总结了本论文的创新性成果，同时提出了一些将继续深入开展的研究问题，预言了可能取得的成果。总之，正如美国《时代》周刊报道，以针灸为主的替代疗法及其相关研究是21世纪医学研究的前沿和热点，体现了传统中医科学将在未来医学发展中扮演重要角色，代表着现代医学发展的一个新方向。针灸经络研究之所以能够在世界范围形成热潮，是源于现代社会对它的需要。因此，作者有理由相信基于医学光子技术的“经络光学”将开辟人体经络现象研究的一片新天地。更多还原

【Abstract】 The meridian theory is an important component of the theory basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has made great contribution to the health and development of Chinese and been loved by people over many thousand years. However, up to now, people still argue about human meridian theory. Science respects the objective existence, and the objective existence is not only the reflection of the nature of matter, but also the precondition and basis of innovation. The Climb Plan of China from the 7^th to 9^th five years plan, "Meridian Research" and the great basis research plan of 973 plan in the acupuncture meridian field, not only show that the human meridian phenomenon is objective, but also that it is very important and urgent to start researching acupuncture meridian. For this reason, in order to discover the physical properties of human meridian acupoints by optics method, the main work of this dissertation makes full use of the advantages of optics and photonic technology with scientific attitude to explore and study the phenomena of human meridian. There are some creationary developments embodied in the obtained results.In Chapter One, the background of this topic is introduced, then the study status and developments of acupuncture meridians at home and abroad have been reviewed in detail. The author points out that the study of meridian theory drop far behind the demands of the practice, which has become a bottle-neck for the development of the modernization of Chinese medicine study. At present, human meridian phenomenon is the key point or breakpoint for meridian modern study, which needs combination with many subjects using their advantages to tackle the problem. Therefore, the work of the dissertation is full of significance.In Chapter Two, the status of experimental exploration of meridian phenomena are reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, various experimental methods, such as the objective detections of the Generating-sensation propagation, the skin impendence measurement, Nuclear track, positron emission tomography （PET）, function magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） and infrared thermal imaging are especially analyzed and discussed, which are used to explore and research the meridian phenomena, discovering the physical nature under the phenomena. According to the results, we can conclude that: （1） the meridian phenomena are objective, which is a normal physiological phenomenon;（2） one can see or display the track along human meridian lines described in Chinese Medicine book by use of modern scientific devices; （3） there is a relationship between the meridians and the related organs.In Chapter Three, the principles, measurement methods and their applications of medical photonics are described, respectively. Based on the discussion of the optical properties of biological tissue, the light propagation behavior inside tissue and their related theory, some noninvasive measurement techniques are presented. The author also explains how to do these experiments, which can be applied to the study of human meridian.In Chapter Four, the correlation or relationship between meridian research and modern optics is discussed. A new idea "Meridian Optics" is presented based on the recent status of meridian research. This new idea is necessary in theory, and the methods or techniques of its experiment are reasonable, which can be carried out conveniently. Therefore, it is not only a new method, but also an effective approach for the modern meridian research. And then, the theory scheme and the methodology are put forward. Finally, some important researches on "Meridian Optics" are offered in this chapter.In Chapter Five, the physical basis of infrared thermal radiance, detection technique and the physiology mechanism of body surface temperature are introduced briefly. A new infrared thermal imaging TTM （Thermal Texture Mapping） was used to measure the body temperature of more than two hundreds healthy youth. The preliminary temperature characteristics of body surface of healthy youth are obtained, which can be a criterion for the disease diagnosis or assessment by thermography. Based on these results, the TTM infrared thermal imaging was used to study the infrared radiant characteristic and its time rhythm. Our study show clear evidence of the existence of infrared radiant track along human meridian courses. The time-evolution characteristic of the infrared radiant track is observed for the first time. Our findings support the point of view that infrared radiant track along human meridian courses is a normal vital and physiological phenomenon appearing in human beingIn Chapter Six, an experimental scheme for measuring the optical properties of human meridian is designed based on the principles and techniques of biomedical optics, and then the transport properties of red light propagating between along pericardium meridian and nonmeridian directions are measured and compared. The influence ofmodulated frequency of light is also discussed. Statistical analysis shows that the difference of the light transport properties between along meridian and nonmeridian directions is obvious （P<0.01）. Furthermore, the reflectance spectrum of skin tissue in the Hegu acupoint is measured, and the optical property parameters are retrieved from the reflectance spectrum combination with the diffuse theory model. The study gives some results on human meridian research by medical photonics and its technique for the first time, which will promote the study on acupuncture mechanism and the physical and chemic characteristics of meridian acupoint.In Chapter Seven, the creationary points of the dissertation are summed up. Some further research proposals and their expected results are given.In a word, as the America "Times Weekly" reported, complementary therapy using acupuncture and its related study is the top and hot researching field in 21 century, in other words, the traditional Chinese medicine will play an important role in the medical development in the future, and will indicate one of directions of modern medical development. The reason why acupuncture meridian can be popular all over the world is the need of modern society. Therefore, we believe that "Meridian Optics " will exploit a new field for human meridian study by means of medical photonic techniques.更多还原