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门极换流晶闸管(GCT)关键技术的研究

Research on Key Techniques of Gate Commutated Thyristor (GCT)

【作者】 王彩琳

【导师】 高勇;

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 , 微电子学与固体电子学, 2007, 博士

【摘要】 门极换流晶闸管(GCT)是在GTO的基础上开发的一种新型大功率半导体器件,有广阔应用的前景,目前在国内尚属空白。本文系统地分析了GCT与GTO在结构、原理和特性以及制作工艺等方面的差异。从p基区、n场阻止(FS)层、透明阳极和隔离技术四个方面入手,利用MEDICI软件模拟分析了GCT的各项特性,提出了三种改进型结构,并对其关键结构参数进行了优化设计。同时,借助ISE-TCAD软件分析了GCT的制作工艺,对其工艺方案进行了实验验证。主要研究内容如下: 首先,研究了GCT击穿机理,结果表明,GCT的击穿实质上是场阻止型(FS)击穿,并非穿通(PT)型击穿,从而指出以往对GCT击穿机理的认识存在局限性。并在此基础上模拟分析了GCT的阻断特性,给出了阻断特性的设计方法及优化的结构参数。 第二,研究了透明阳极的电流输运机理,导出了电子电流密度的表达式,给出发射效率随阳极电流密度变化的关系。透明阳极与普通阳极和短路阳极的特性比较表明,采用透明阳极可以明显改善器件的开关特性。 第三,分析了GCT的结构特点和制作工艺,结果表明,采用常规工艺很难实现透明阳极、FS层及p基区选择性的深扩散。并且,由于RC-GCT中存在结的弯曲效应,使阻断电压下降。针对这些问题,分别提出了注入效率可控的(IEC)GCT结构、沟槽隔离RC-GCT和带p扩散环隔离RC-GCT三种改进结构,不仅可以改善GCT器件的特性,而且可以简化其制作工艺。 第四,分析了GCT与GTO关断机理的差异,提出了一个新的GCT门-阴图形的设计方法。与现有的门-阴极结构相比较,采用新方法设计的门-阴图形在保证开关过程中电流均匀分布的前提下,可以显著增加GCT的阴极有效面积,减小热阻,提高电流容量。 第五,通过工艺分析与模拟,确定了RC-GCT的工艺方案,对带FS层、透明阳极和沟槽隔离的2500V/2000A RC-GCT进行了实验验证,测试结果表明工艺方案可行。提出制作透明阳极和n FS层的工艺新方法,并根据工艺模拟和实验结果确定了A-GCT的工艺实施方案。 最后,研究了RC-GCT中的少子寿命控制问题,指出采用电子辐照和质子辐照相结合的方法可有效控制其中的少子寿命,进一步优化RC-GCT器件的特性。并结合SDB技术在新型电力半导体器件中的应用方法,提出用SDB技术简化GCT制作工艺的新思路。 本文对GCF关键技术的研究成果,对开发国产化GCT器件具有较高的指导意义和实际应用价值。

【Abstract】 Gate commutated thyristor (GCT) is a new high power semiconductor devices based on Gate turn-off thyristor(GTO), GCT has extensive application foreground and it is a blank in interiorly now. In this thesis, the differences of GCT and GTO in structure, principle, characteristics and fabrication process are analyzed systematically. In views of the p base region, n field stop layer, transparent anode region and isolation region, the characteristics of GCT are analyzed by MEDICI simulator. The three improved structures are presented, and the optimum design of key structural parameters is done. Simultaneously, the fabrication process of GCT is analyzed by ISE-TCAD software, and the process implementation scheme is validated by the experiment results. The main content is as follows:Firstly, the breakdown mechanism of GCT is studied. The result shows that the breakdown of GCT is field stop (FS) breakdown essentially, but not the punch through (PT) breakdown. It is pointed out the perspective for the GCT breakdown mechanism had localization ago. And the blocking characteristic of GCT is simulated and analyzed, the design method and optimal structural parameters are given.Secondly, the current transport mechanism of transparent anode is studied. The expression of electron current density at transparent anode are derived, and the variations of the electron and hole injection efficiencies of transparent anode with the anode current density are given. The characteristic of transparent anode is compared with that of conventional anode and short anode, the results show that the transparent anode used in GCT can improve the switching characteristic.Thirdly, the structural features and fabrication process of GCT are analyzed. The results show that the transparent anode, FS layer and the selective p-diffusion are difficult to use conventional process. And because a curvature junction exists in RC-GCT, it results in the fall of the breakdown voltage of device, and the increase of the cost and the complexity of fabrication process of RC-GCT device. In order to solve these

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