《大公报》与抗战宣传

【作者】 陈建新；

【导师】 金普森；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 抗战时期，《大公报》向国际国内受众展开了抗战宣传：一是通过反复宣传抗战的正义性、可赢性、日本的邪恶，以激起中国民众对胜利的信心、对敌人的仇恨，从而使其自觉投入抗战；二是太平洋战争爆发前为争取中立国的支持，与日阀进行宣传大拼比，通过论证英美苏等国在华权益的得失，激活他们的情感，诉诸国际公法，从而使这些中立国的天平由中立甚至偏于日本的立场倾向中国一方，成为中国的盟国；三是太平洋战争爆发后通过展示中国与盟国在战争进程中做出的艰苦努力与作用来相互激励，维持、巩固了与盟国之间真诚友好的关系；四是通过反复强调日本胜利的不可能性，来摧毁敌方的意志力，耗损敌方军事和平民的力量，从而瓦解了敌人的斗志。 《大公报》的抗战宣传是卓有成效的。在国内，《大公报》人及其舆论备受各界关注，它的舆论不仅能感动普通老百姓而且能影响国民政府最高层的决策。《大公报》的影响力还远播海外，无论是敌国日本还是盟国美英等都对它重视有加，将其视为了解中国政情民情的重要窗口。《大公报》的发行量一直稳居中国近现代报刊的前列，发行范围远及英美日等国家。 《大公报》抗战宣传的辐射范围之所以能强力覆盖中国本土，并波及海外，是因为它的“忠”(即“国家中心论”)与“勇”。用《大公报》的话说，它成功的秘诀：“胥由忠勇二字而来。”在抗战时期，《大公报》将它的忠诚、它的勇敢、它的善言完美结合起来，从而创造了中华民国新闻史上抗战宣传这一段“传奇。”更多还原

【Abstract】 In the period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Da Gong Bao’s the propaganda of the War of Resistance Against Japan was one kind of strong and effective weapons. It conducted propaganda mainly from the four directions: First, stressed the justice nature and triumph nature of the War of Resistance against Japan repeatedly, let all the Chinese people well know that Japan is evil, aroused the confidence that Chinese people would win the war, the emotion of hatred of the enemy, thus fought wholeheartedly into war; Second, for striving for the support of neutral states such as the US and Britain or the Soviet Union before the war of the Pacific and beating Japan in the spiritual battle front, displayed the gain and loss of the rights and interests of the US and Britain or the Soviet, appealed to all of them for their just emotions and international law, showing China’s determination and confidence in persisting anti-Japanese war, thus had these neutral states changed their standpoint from keeping neutrality or even being partial to Japan to supporting China, and becoming the allied countries with China. Third, after the Pacific War, by emphasizing the process of China and allies in the war with painstaking efforts made to the role of mutual encouragement and maintenance, consolidated the sincere friendly relations between China and its allies which included the United States and Soviet Union and and Britain; Fourth, through propagating repeatedly the idea that it was no possibility Japan could win the war, deepened the enemy’ s feeling of frustration and disillusionment, destroyed the enemy’s strength, depletion of the enemy’s military and civilian forces, thereby disintegrated the enemy’s fighting spirit.The efficacy of "Da Gong Pao" in the propaganda in the War of Resistance against Japan was fruitful. It couldn’ t be measured by the quantities of killing enemies or seizing the rifles from the enemy. It could be validated by the facts that the international and domestic awareness of her attitude and her circulation. Domestically, "Da gong Pao" became the window by which the Chinese government and people understood public opinion. The journalists worked for it and their opinions attracted the attention of all sectors; It’s public opinion not only moved ordinary common people but also influenced the national decision-making made by the highest level of the government of the更多还原