【作者】 戚晓明；

【导师】 陆桂华；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 水文系统是由各种不同等级子系统组成的复杂系统，且这个系统内的不同层次和不同运行周期上存在着明显的时空尺度。作为描述各种尺度中水文特征的空间数据与模型自然也有尺度特征。论文对流域范围内的点雨量插值的时空尺度、基于万有引力公式形式的点雨量插值算法、雨量站站网的密度优化、流域水文相似性及其度量、水文多尺度仿真等若干水文尺度问题进行了研究。 点雨量插值对于分析雨量二维空间分布变化特征、计算面雨量、解决水文尺度中分辨率和雨量站网规划等研究具有重要现实意义。本文对距离反比、普通Kriging和PRISM三种常用点雨量插值算法在原理、适用范围和优缺点等方面进行了对比分析；根据雨量站点的平面三角几何关系，提出了参证插值站点的选择方法，使得参证插值站点的选择更合理。根据万有引力原理，任意雨量站雨量与待插值点雨量存在着万有引力。通过计算任意一个参证插值站点与待插值点的万有引力占所有参证插值站与待插值点的万有引力的标量之和的比例来确定插值权重，并提出了消减权系数的计算方法，从而研究了基于万有引力的点雨量插值算法，并实例证明了该算法具有较高的插精度。 水文相似性问题是水文尺度问题研究中的一个热点问题，但是关于水文相似的程度，并没有具体量化的研究。本文分别从流域下垫面、河网发育情况、产汇流影响因素等角度，探索性的提出了几个水文相似性评定指标，并采用层次分析法计算每种水文相似性指标在计算水文相似程度中的权重。以江西雨量站网密度实验区中的朗口和银山流域为研究对象，实例计算了两个流域的相似程度，并通过两个流域的单位线和径流过程线进行了初步验证，认为水文相似度是定量化研究水文相似性问题的有用工具。 从水文尺度与水文模型系统的原理、结构、复杂度、资料的角度分析二者之间的相互联系，研究了水文模型尺度性的数学描述，有助于定量化研究水文模型的尺度性；提出了水文多尺度仿真的概念和必要性，并对水文多尺度仿真的方法与转换等问题进行了阐述。以江西雨量站网实验研究区为研究对象，建立了一个水文多尺度仿真系统。在此系统上以抽站法和水文模拟法相结合，从水文尺度问题研究的角度，采用多水文模型族、多尺度站网密度组合，验证了雨量站的布设密度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydrological system was a complicated system which was composed of various different level sub-systems. As the descriptions of hydrological features in various scales, the space data and models had scale character naturally. The study of point precipitation interpolation, universal gravitation interpolation, Rain-gauge network programming, hydrological similar problem and Multi-scale system simulation in Hydrology in the dissertation.Precipitation numerical simulation has important significance in analyzing rain-gauge station distributing and calculating average precipitation and programming rain-gauge net. comparison of the theory, scope, advantage and disadvantage of three point precipitation interpolation methods of IDW and Kriging and PRISM. Additional, bring forward the regular of choice locations for interpolation from precipitation location net. According to the principle of universal gravitation, universal gravitation exists between the amount of precipitation at rain-gauge stations and interpolation points. The weight of interpolation was determined by calculation of the proportion of the universal gravitation between each station and interpolation point to the sum of universal gravitations between all the rain-gauge stations and interpolation points in scalar field, and the calculation method for weight diminution coefficient was put forward. Thus, the point interpolation algorithm for precipitation simulation based on universal gravitation was developed. The result of daily precipitation interpolation demonstrates that the universal gravitation-based interpolation algorithm are of high precision for precipitation simulation.The problem of hydrological similarity is a hotspot in hydrology scale researches. However, there are few indexes to measure the hydrological similarity. The hydrological similar factors were put forward in this paper according to the basin’s underlying surface, development of river network system, production runoff and concentration flow. In order to calculate hydrological similarity degree, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted in the paper to calculate the proportion of the hydrology similar factors. The hydrological similarity degrees of yinshan and langkou basin based on the data of the stationing and fieldwork of rain-gauge network density experimental region(RGNDER) in the plum rains region in Jiangxi Province are caculated. It is an useful method to reaserch scale of hydrological similarity.The hydrology scale was existed in hydrology model theory, model structure , model program complexity and model data. Further more, mathematics characterization of hydrological model scale had been put forward and was explained in the paper. Its are conduces to fix quantify study hydrology model scale characters. Hydrological system is a更多还原