【作者】 谢洪新；

【导师】 陈荣生； 过秀成；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 道路交通流特性是研究通行能力、道路规划和管理等最基本、最关键的环节。研究和确定道路交通流特性和通行能力,能够提高路网运输效益,缓解道路交通矛盾,增加交通安全,保障道路畅通,最终使道路的设计和运营管理具有最大可能的功效。然而多年来,我国道路交通流特性的研究一直是一个薄弱环节。虽然在高速公路的交通流特性及通行能力研究方面已做了大量工作,取得了较为成熟、系统的成果,但是在我国具有极其重要地位的双车道干线公路(国、省道),其交通流特性的研究工作开展的相对较少,并且不够深入或难以实际应用。与高速公路及一般双车道公路相比,双车道干线公路的道路条件、交通组成、驾驶行为等等都有着很大的差别,因此本文针对干线公路的不同特点,依托安徽省科技计划项目“安徽省干线公路通行能力模拟研究”课题,运用计算机模拟技术对干线公路的交通流特性进行了深入的研究。论文从道路交通系统的人、车、路三个基本要素着手,分析了三个要素的自身特性及各要素之间的相关特性。通过对安徽省5条干线公路的实地调查,深入研究和分析了双车道干线公路所特有的交通组成、时空分布、速度、车头时距等交通流特性。在此基础上,确定了干线公路的车型分类标准,对双车道干线公路的交通行为和车辆运行特性进行研究,从微观角度着重考虑驾驶员的驾驶行为和车辆动力性能对车辆运行规律的影响,特别就慢车特性进行研究,以确保符合干线公路的实际交通状况。论文采用计算机模拟技术,以微观模拟方法,建立了干线公路路段交通流模拟模型,包括一般路段、集镇路段、养护施工路段、交叉口路段等模型,开发了干线公路交通流模拟软件,能够最大限度地反映干线公路路段实际交通流运行状况。利用交通流模拟软件,对不同交通和道路条件下的车辆换算系数(PCE)进行模拟,得到各种条件下的PCE建议值。利用模拟软件还对行车的横向干扰进行研究和模拟,提出横向干扰修正系数的建议值。在此基础上,对双车道干线公路的通行能力和服务水平进行了分析,提出不同条件下的通行能力建议值。同时,对双车道干线公路的速度流量关系做了初步的研究和分析。论文的研究成果可以广泛应用于双车道干线公路的规划、设计、管理及改扩建等各个方面,论文推荐的各项建议值,对安徽省双车道干线公路具有实际应用和指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics of traffic flow on highways are basic and critical in the study of highway traffic capacity, highway planning and highway management. By studying and determining the characteristics of highway traffic flow and traffic capability, we are able to improve the efficiency and revenues of highway network, alleviate traffic congestion, enhance highway safety, and secure smooth operation of highways, so as to realize the potential value of highway design and operation to the maximum extent.However, the study of characteristics of highway traffic flow has been weak and unsatisfactory for so many years. Though we have done tremendous efforts to study the characteristics of highway traffic flow and traffic capability and have achieved comparatively mature and systematic results, our studies on characteristics of double-lane arterial highways are far from enough to apply in practice. Playing an important role in highway system of China, double-lane arterial highways are different from expressways and regular double-lane highways in road conditions, traffic composition, driver’s performance and so forth. Therefore, based on expressway study results and according to the diversity of characteristics of arterial highways, the author of this dissertation adopts computer simulation method to give a through study of characteristics of traffic flow on arterial highways, which are under the project of simulation study on traffic capability of arterial highways in Anhui Province. This dissertation analyzes the individual and inter-related characteristics of three basic factors of highway traffic system ---- driver, vehicle and highway. Based on the field survey on five arterial highways in Anhui Province, the criteria to classify the vehicle types on arterial highways have been determined. This dissertation gives a through analysis of such traffic characteristics as traffic composition, time and space, speed, time headway on double-lane arterial highways. It further analyzes the characteristics of driver’s performance and vehicle operation on double-lane arterial highways, take into account influence on vehicle running features by driving mode and vehicle dynamic performance in a micro-view aspect. It also gives a particular study on features of vehicles at low speed, in order to match the practical traffic conditions on arterial highways.Computer simulation method and micro- simulation mode are adopted in this dissertation to build a simulative mode of traffic flow on arterial highway sections such as regular sections, sections through towns, sections under maintenance and rehabilitation, intersections, etc.更多还原