节点文献
乡村场域变迁中的农民外出就业
Farmers Searching for Jobs Outside Their Hometown during the Country Field Transition
【作者】 张仕平;
【导师】 刘少杰;
【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 , 马克思主义哲学, 2006, 博士
【摘要】 农民大规模的自发外出就业是上个世纪80年代中后期以来中国社会发展进程中一个重大的社会历史现象,对于其原因的追问和厘清关系到对其趋势的判断和相关问题的解决以及社会的总体发展。过往的研究或者认为是宏观社会结构变迁的影响,或者强调是农民的生存与发展困境使然,或者归因于农村劳动力剩余的推动。这些研究存在着单一归因和城市中心论、经济中心论等问题,因而不能完全解释这一社会历史现象。如果从农村、农业、农民的角度出发综合分析这一历史现象,我们可以得出如下结论:80年代中后期以来的农民大规模自发外出就业是在城乡关系出现松动、城市对劳动力的需求扩大的背景下,由于农民的人力资本失效和农民对农村、农业、农民的价值否定的原因而形成的。具体而言,这个基本判断可以拆解为三个小的判断:1、制度变迁导致的城乡关系松动及城市对劳动力的需求的扩大,是农民外出就业的背景原因。2、人力资本由于组织资本在农民进入市场的过程中的缺位、经济资本的匮乏和社会资本的脆弱而失效是农民外出就业的客观原因。3、农民由于精神层面的村庄共同体的解体以及对于农业、农村、农民在社会等级序列中地位下降的判断而形成的自我价值否定(包括对农村、农业和农民身份的价值否定),是农民外出就业的主观原因。上述结构性背景和主、客观原因缺一不可,80年代中后期之前之所以没有出现大规模的农民外出就业就是因为上述三个方面的原因没有同时出现。正是由于上述原因的不断强化,农民外出就业在经历了一家两制的行动模式后,有向一家一制的行动模式转化的趋势。一家两制导致了“离土时代”农村家庭的危机,而一家一制又导致了乡村的过疏化问题。鉴于上述问题正在形成及可能严重化的趋势,考虑到推动农民外出就业的原因,
【Abstract】 In paradigm of self involved practice, the writer adopts Bourdieu’s Field theory, in the structure of system_country field_action and relation_capital_ habitués, focuses on the causes of farmers searching for jobs outside their hometown since the late of 1980’s:Why did they leave their hometown for work? Why did this voluntary group action take place in the late of 1980’s , instead of some time else?The main idea is the following:The motive force of country field transition is the change of social system. Since 1949, a series of systems including household register system, purchasing and selling food system, social welfare system, business and labor employment people public community system coming up and working in practice,binary social structure featured in the separation of countries and cities took shape. Then since transformation policy, with transitions of a set of systems including household register system, the relationship in country field has changed greatly. The relationship between countries and cities changed form segregation to integration .The relationship between farmers household turned from order_follow to entrusting__acting. The relationship between farmers turned from cooperation to
【Key words】 country field; country habitués; over_estranged; rural reconstruction; farmers searching for jobs outside their hometown;