【作者】 苏初旺；

【导师】 王乃康； 茅也冰；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文旨在解决目前桂南地区温室（大棚）苗木生产中,温室（大棚）建造、环境调控方法不当、成本高的问题。运用三元二次通用旋转组合回归试验设计方法,本文研究了代号为D-2的桉树苗光合速率与气候环境因子之间的变化规律,用SAS软件进行数据处理,得出温度编码值X1、净辐射编码值X2、二氧化碳浓度编码值X3与净光合速率y之间关系的回归方程。对桂南地区各类温室组合夏季降温和冬季保温性能进行了一年多的实地监测,结果表明:冬季在门窗密闭情况下,温室内温度比温室外温度高0.5～4.0℃;若在四周及顶部加一层塑料薄膜密封保温,温室内温度可比温室外温度高3.1～7℃,但透光率大大降低,阴雨天温室内光强不足,必须综合考虑。采用湿帘-风机加外遮阳降温,可使温室内温度比温室外温度低2.5～6℃。采用外遮阳装置加天、侧窗机构配以喷雾系统,可使温室内温度比温室外温度低1～3.5℃,若再配以植物的蒸腾降温可使温室内温度比温室外温度低4.5℃。利用优化理论,对桉树苗净光合速率函数模型进行了优化,得出目标函数的最大值为Ymax=36.89μmol.CO₂/（m²s）,对应温度为27.1℃,净辐射为487.93μmolm^-2s^-1,二氧化碳浓度为700ppm。同时考虑到各季节的特点,对桂南地区几种典型气候的温度、净辐射合理取值范围进行了优化界定。提出苗木生长等净光合速率新概念,绘制了等净光合速率的环境因子组合图,为人工选择环境因子水平提供了方便。根据桂南地区的气候特征及各类温室的调控能力,对特定气候条件下的净光合速率函数进行了优化。确定了启用内、外遮阳网的室外净辐射强度。根据生产性温室的投资费用、使用年限、环境因子的调控效果、桉树苗净光合速率、控制费用,构建了苗木生产单位成本光合速率的新概念。对桂南地区六种典型温室在各季度的单位成本光合速率进行了计算对比,对适合于桂南地区桉树苗生产的温室设备进行了优化组合,结果表明:全年性价比最高的是配有湿帘的塑料薄膜温室,其次为配有喷雾的塑料薄膜温室。对不同顶层覆盖材料的外遮阳网遮阳率进行了优化,结果表明:当顶层覆盖材料为玻璃温室时,采用60%遮阳率的遮阳网最佳;当顶层覆盖材料为波浪板和塑料薄膜更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this essay is to solve the problem of high costs and the impropriety of greenhouse building and environment regulating on seedling production in south area of Guangxi province.Using the general rotary combination’s regressive design, the relationship between the photosynthetic rate of eucalyptus seedlings （D-2） and environmental factors was studied. The regression equation between temperature （X1）, light intensity （X2）, carbon dioxide concentration （X3） and photosynthesis was achieved by using SAS software for data processing.The heat and cold preservation capability of all kinds of greenhouse combination in southern area of Guangxi province has been measured for about one year. The result indicated that the indoor temperature of the greenhouse was 0.5～4.0℃higher than outdoor temperature when doors and windows were closed. If a piece of airproof plastic membrane was added to the top and four sides of the greenhouse, the difference in temperature changed into 3.1～6.6℃with a lower transmittance and lighter intensity. Using the fan-pad add cladding cooling device, the indoor temperature could be 2.5～6℃lower than outdoors. If skylight and side windows were used with spray system, the temperature inside will be 1～3.5℃lower than outside. Besides, the transpiration of plants could make contribution to the temperature difference to 4.5℃.According to the optimization theory, the photosynthesis function model was optimized, showing that the maximum function value（Ymax） was 36.89μmol.CO₂（/m²S）. The corresponding value of three factors was as follows: the temperature was 27.1℃, PAR 487.93μmolm^-2s^-1 and carbon dioxide 700.ppm. At the same time, the reasonable value range of temperature and PAR of some typical climate in southern area of Guangxi province was optimized and confined in view of the difference among four seasons. Moreover, a new concept of consistence photosynthesis of seedling production was mentioned and the chart of environmental factors of consistent photosynthetic rate was drew which provide the convenience for artificial selection of environmental factor level. Furthermore, the photosynthesis function of special climate was also optimized considering the climate characters and the regulation capability of this area. Finally, the outdoor light intensity deciding the opening of cladding net was confirmed.According to the investment charge, number of year for using, regulation effect of environmental factors and controlling costs, the concept of largest photosynthesis of unit costs on seedling production was mentioned. The photosynthesis of unit costs on six typical kinds of greenhouses in the area were calculated and compared. The optimum combination of greenhouse equipment for eucalyptus seedling production showed that the greenhouse with highest quality-price ratio was the plastic greenhouse更多还原